Indium(III) chloride as a new, highly efficient, and versatile catalyst for acylation of phenols, thiols, alcohols, and amines

Zirconyl triflate: A new, highly efficient and reusable catalyst for acetylation and benzoylation of alcohols, phenols, amines and thiols with acetic and benzoic anhydrides

“…Benzoylation of phenols with benzoic anhydride was also carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZrO(OTf) 2 (0.5 mol%) at 50 °C and the corresponding benzoates were obtained in excellent yields ( Table 2, entries [15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…E-mail: moghadamm@sci.ui.ac.ir TaCl 5 [11], TMSOTf [12], [Cu(OTf) 2 ] [13], [In(OTf) 3 ] [14], magnesium bromide [15], bismuth(III) salts [16], ferric perchlorate adsorbed on silica-gel [17], RuCl 3 [18], InCl 3 [19], Ce(OTf) 3 [20], Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 [21], ZrCl 4 [22], Cp 2 ZrCl 2 [23], ZrOCl 2 .8H 2 O [24], Al(OTf) 3 [25], NaHSO 4 ·SiO 2 [26], La(NO 3 ) 3 .6H 2 O [27], NbCl 5 [28], Gd(OTf) 3 [29], Alumina supported MoO 3 [30] cerium polyoxometalate [31] Ce(OTf) 4 [32], (SiO 2 ) n -PCl 3-n [33], copper salts [34,35], AlPW 12 O 40 [36,37] and electron-deficient tin(IV) porphyrins [38][39][40]. However, some of the reported methods for the acetylation of alcohols suffer from one or more of the following disadvantages such as high temperature and drastic reaction conditions, formation of undesirable or toxic by-products, expensive reagents, hygroscopicity and thermal instability of the reagents, long reaction times, low yields of the desired products and bulk requirement of solid bed.…”

Formylation and acetylation of alcohols using Amberlyst-15®as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst

“…Metal triflates used for acetylation of alcohols and phenols are gadolinium triflate (22), aluminum triflate (23), and scandium triflate (24,25). TaCl 5 (26) , InCl 3 (27) , and ZrOCl 2 ×8H 2 O (28) are frequently used metal halides for acetylation. Solid acid catalyst such as aluminum-supported MoO 3 (29), Mg(NTf 2 ) 2 (30), and cation-exchanged montmorillonite K-10 clay (31) have also been explored.…”

H6GeMo10V2O40•16H2O nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method: a new and reusable heteropoly acid catalyst for highly efficient acetylation of alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions

“…1 This important transformation is typically performed using acetic anhydride and/or acetyl chloride in the presence of either basic or acidic catalysts. Numerous methodologies are available for this transformation, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] but most of them are homogeneous and the catalysts are non-recoverable. In addition, they have one or more disadvantages, such as prolonged reaction times, low yields, harsh conditions, use of harmful organic solvents, tedious work-up procedures, the requirement for excess reagents or catalysts and the use of explosive, moisturesensitive or expensive catalysts.…”