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Optically transparent electromagnetic devices play a key role in modern society. Traditional transparent electromagnetic devices face the problems of high return loss, low optical transparency, and dependence on the properties of transparent conductive materials. Due to the limitation of substrate, there are few studies on conformal transparent reflectarray. However, for conformal targets such as aircraft, it is particularly important to fabricate conformal transparent reflectarray. Here, an optically transparent conformal reflectarray with multi‐angle scattering enhancement performance is proposed. ITO square ring and patch are selected to realize wide phase coverage and low return loss of the array is achieved by traversing the initial phase. By partitioning the phase distribution of the reflectarray, the 0° normal incidence efficient backscattering enhancement and the ±45° multi‐angle backscattering enhancement functions of the conformal reflectarray are realized in X‐band. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed prototype. The reflectarray has high reflection efficiency, excellent optical transparency, stable performance, and is easy to manufacture. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to backscattering enhancement of transparent conformal shapes such as aircraft and friendly targets, and then improve the efficiency of target echo detection from multiple angles in complex situations.
Optically transparent electromagnetic devices play a key role in modern society. Traditional transparent electromagnetic devices face the problems of high return loss, low optical transparency, and dependence on the properties of transparent conductive materials. Due to the limitation of substrate, there are few studies on conformal transparent reflectarray. However, for conformal targets such as aircraft, it is particularly important to fabricate conformal transparent reflectarray. Here, an optically transparent conformal reflectarray with multi‐angle scattering enhancement performance is proposed. ITO square ring and patch are selected to realize wide phase coverage and low return loss of the array is achieved by traversing the initial phase. By partitioning the phase distribution of the reflectarray, the 0° normal incidence efficient backscattering enhancement and the ±45° multi‐angle backscattering enhancement functions of the conformal reflectarray are realized in X‐band. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed prototype. The reflectarray has high reflection efficiency, excellent optical transparency, stable performance, and is easy to manufacture. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to backscattering enhancement of transparent conformal shapes such as aircraft and friendly targets, and then improve the efficiency of target echo detection from multiple angles in complex situations.
Restricted by the physical properties of materials, most traditional metasurfaces (MSs) cannot achieve transparent stealth in the visible spectrum. Although some metasurfaces for holography have been designed, there is no standard method for evaluating the advancement of wavefront manipulation under different design algorithms. Here, a complex-amplitude metasurface with optical transparency (OT) and full-space manipulation is presented in the millimeterwave band. Through frequency multiplexing, two holographic images "HOLO" and "GRAM" with high quality are designed, achieving the signal-to-noise ratios of 14.6 and 14.4 dB, respectively. The 64 × 64 bilayered metasurface consists of glass and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates and three metallic mesh layers. By change of the opening size and oriented angle of split rings, phase and amplitude modulations are independently realized. Besides, a new method is provided to assess the superiority of the metasurface holography system for near-field energy regulation. The prototype was fabricated using micro-nano-technology and tested. Two holographic images were experimentally demonstrated and show good agreement with theoretical calculations and simulated results. With the advantages of OT and full-space complex-amplitude customization, the proposed metasurface holograms for frequencymultiplexed may find prospective application aspects in target perception, multichannel data storage and encryption, and many other related fields.
This paper proposes analytical solutions for the resonant radiation performance of bending-mode magnetoelectric (ME) antennas. The strain-mediated Converse ME (CME) coupling model of bending-mode ME antennas is first established by solving nonlinear constitutive equations and bending governing equations using the elastic mechanics method. Then, the calculated magnetic flux and electric displacement are employed to propose a resonant radiation field model based on the dipole method. The numerical results for the CME coefficient show a good agreement with the experimental data. It can be observed that the volume fraction ratio of the piezoelectric layer can control the CME coefficient and radiation efficiency with the same variation trend since it can determine the bending strain via changing the location of the neutral layer of the ME antennas, which also demonstrates the strain-mediated essence of the ME antennas. In addition, the volume fraction ratio can tune the resonant frequency within a wide range. The gain of the ME antenna is stable and higher than −168 dB with the volume fraction ratio ranging from 0.2 to 0.7. The tensile stress and compressive stress have the opposite effect on the resonant frequency at low and high bias magnetic fields. Meanwhile, the tensile (compressive) stress is beneficial for both the radiation and gain in the low (high) bias field region. This model may facilitate the understanding of the bending-mode radiation mechanism of ME antennas and provide a basis for designing asymmetric ME antennas.
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