Indium-tin-oxide films prepared by dip coating using an ethanol solution of indium chloride and tin chloride

Ota, R; Seki, Shigeyuki; Sawada, Yutaka; Ogawa, Makoto; Nishide, Toshikazu; Shida, Azusa; Ide, Mieko

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(03)00168-3

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The non-calcined and amorphous films exhibited no measurable electrical conductivity but the sheet resistance substantially decreased to about 3 × 10 5 X upon crystallization and calcination at 450°C. Moreover, the increased concentration of free charge carriers resulting from the formation of oxygen vacancies, [15,16] achieved by treating the films in a reducing atmosphere of nitrogen or hydrogen at 300-450°C, led to a decrease in the film resistance to 1 × 10 4 or 1.3 × 10 3 X, respectively, the latter corresponding to a specific resistivity of 0.02 X cm for 140-150 nm thick films. Hence, in spite of their highly developed 3D mesoporosity, the conductivity of these ITO layers was comparably high and only 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of compact films.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Conducting Films of Indium Tin Oxide with 3D Mesopore Architecture

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) with a well-defined mesoporous framework are of considerable interest for applications in optoelectronic, electrochromic, and electroluminescent devices, solar cells, and sensors. It is the unique combination of transparency, high conductivity, well-defined 3D mesoporosity and high surface area that allows the incorporation of optoelectroactive species, facilitates electron transport to these centers, and efficiently harvests the electron-induced optical response or, vice versa, the photon-induced electron flow. These features would allow and facilitate the further development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, such conducting transparent frameworks with nanometer-scale periodicity have not been accessible yet, being available solely as nonporous and macroporous layers or powders. [1][2][3] The generation of indium tin oxide (ITO) with well-ordered accessible mesoporosity and high conductivity has not been accomplished yet, partly because of the necessity of high crystallinity, which is indispensable for good electrical conductivity but inconsistent with organized 3D mesoporosity. Recently, the preparation of such mesoporous material was attempted by deposition of ITO onto porous glass substrates, providing composites with an inhomogeneous distribution of ITO. [4,5] Generally, sol-gel techniques are more advantageous for the preparation as they are applicable to various metal oxides and different types of substrates, require mild preparation conditions and, most importantly, allow the control of porosity by appropriate structure-directing agents such as self-organized surfactant micelles from block copolymers. Only a few template-assisted sol-gel syntheses using ITO have been reported, providing powders with quite high resistivity [6] or materials with irregular porosity resulting from the loose packing of crystallites. [7,8] Hence, subsequent functionalization of such material is significantly impeded. Mesoporous powders and macroporous films of undoped indium oxide were produced by sol-gel processes, but the resistivity of such material is usually too high for practical applications. [3,9] In general, the synthesis of films is aggravated by the rather poor ability of indium compounds to form stable sols and the difficulty in controlling the crystal growth of ITO. Using evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), various metal oxides (in particular, TiO 2[10]) have recently been obtained as crystalline thin films with ordered 3D mesoporosity. However, this technique has not been applied to certain metal oxides, particularly ITO, because of the breakdown of the mesostructure upon crystallization. The need of suitable block-copolymer templates was identified as one of the key features in the synthesis of mesoporous films with high crystallinity. [11] Owing to a new type of block copolymers with vastly improved structure-directing properties (poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxides), referred to as "KLEs"), [12] we have overcome the collapse of the mesoscopi...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Conducting Films of Indium Tin Oxide with 3D Mesopore Architecture

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3-4 × 10 5 Ohm/square after short time treatment at 450 • C and further decreases to ca. 2 × 10 5 Ohm/square after treatment at this temperature for 1 h. Another important factor in the ITO films conductivity is increased concentration of the free charge carriers, which is usually achieved by heating the films in a reducing atmosphere [9,10]. As the reduction step, a short time heating of the mesoporous ITO films in the atmosphere of nitrogen was used and a more than ten-fold decrease in the films resistance was achieved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template-assisted preparation of films of transparent conductive indium tin oxide

Fattakhova‐Rohlfing¹,

Brezesinski²,

Smarsly³

et al. 2008

Superlattices and Microstructures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…water ( After that, the ITO coating is deposited onto the pre-cleaned optical fiber via a sol-gel method previously described by Ota et al [13]. Ethanol, Indium(III) chloride, Tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate and TWEEN 80 were used to prepare the ITO solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%