Individual and Institutional Constraints: An Analysis of Parental Leave Use and Duration in Spain

Lapuerta, Irene; Baizán, Pau; González, María José

doi:10.1007/s11113-010-9185-y

Cited by 76 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Earlier studies have shown that the present system of leave favours re-conciliation essentially among people better positioned on the labour market (Lapuerta et al 2011 ) For that reason, it is anticipated that the present Spanish context, characterised by high unemployment (around 25 %), deteriorating working conditions and high job uncertainty (García and Ruesga 2014 ;Alonso and Fernández Rodríguez 2013 ), discourages leave-taking. From a microeconomic perspective, while the equation is not simple, the couple's job situation is a determinant: men would be expected to act according to cost/benefi t logic to maximise their position on the labour market (in terms of salary and stability).…”

Section: Factors Encouraging Men To Take Leave Alonementioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers on Leave Alone in Spain: ‘Hey, I Want to Be Able to Do It Like That, Too’

Meil

Romero-Balsas

Rogero-García

2016

Comparative Perspectives on Work-Life Balance and Gender Equality

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Spain underwent the transition from the male breadwinner to the dual-earner family model somewhat later than other developed countries. Change was most intense in the period of strong economic and employment growth between 1995 and 2007, with a reversal observed as unemployment rose from early 2008. The percentage of 25-to 49-year-old women in paid employment climbed from 39 % in 1995 to 66 % in 2007, receding to 61 % in 2012. As a result of the employment crisis, while male single-earner families with children under 6 are estimated to have dropped by 22 %, female single-earner families leapt by 181 % and families with no earners by 162 %. At the same time, the number of dual-earner families dipped by 4 % (MorenoMínguez 2015 ). In the wake of the economic crisis, employment has become a scarce and highly valued resource, shaping couples' strategies for reconciling family life and careers when faced with the need to protect their sources of income.While policies to further equality between the sexes have long been in place (the fi rst equality plan was introduced in 1989) and have explicitly pursued the harmonisation of work and family life, that challenge has yet to be systematically and comprehensively addressed. Debates around the question have been public and sensitisation programmes have been formulated, often under the umbrella of European initiatives, although only partial measures have been adopted (Meil 2006b ;Wall and Escobedo 2009 )

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Section: Factors Encouraging Men To Take Leave Alonementioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers on Leave Alone in Spain: ‘Hey, I Want to Be Able to Do It Like That, Too’

Meil

Romero-Balsas

Rogero-García

2016

Comparative Perspectives on Work-Life Balance and Gender Equality

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“…Parental leave allows the parents to leave the labor market for three years without economic compensation (only certain regions offer compensation, but it is not a substitute for wages). Although it is diffi cult to obtain a reliable indicator, existing data shows that less than 3% of mothers and only 0.1% of fathers ask for this leave for any period of time, and those who do are primarily women with high education levels and stable employment (Lapuerta et al, 2011). Reducing the work day to take care of children is also a measure that is used primarily by women, although we lack adequate data to know the number of persons using this measure and how much their working hours are reduced.…”

Section: The Spanish Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…El permiso para cuidado de los hijos permite a los padres y a las madres salir del mercado laboral durante tres años sin compensación económica (solo algunas comunidades ofrecen compensaciones, pero estas no sustituyen el salario). Aunque es difícil obtener un indicador fi able, los datos existentes apuntan a que menos del 3% de las madres y solo un 0,1% de los padres solicitan este permiso durante algún tiempo, y que se trata sobre todo de mujeres con altos niveles educativos y con estabilidad en sus empleos (Lapuerta et al, 2011). La reducción de jornada para el cuidado de hijos también es una medida utilizada sobre todo por mujeres, aunque carecemos de datos adecuados para conocer el número de reducciones y la proporción de trabajo reducido.…”

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Parentalidad y división del trabajo doméstico en España, 2002-2010

Folgueras¹

2024

REIS

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ResumenLa literatura sobre la división del trabajo doméstico ha mostrado la infl uencia del ciclo vital en la organización interna de las familias; en concreto, la llegada de los hijos parece tener un efecto importante en el reparto de las tareas. Este artículo examina el efecto de la parentalidad en el caso español, intentando comprobar si las parejas con hijos tienen repartos más tradicionales, en qué sentido, y si se aprecian cambios en este sentido a lo largo del tiempo. Para ello seguimos la estrategia empírica de Dribe y Stanfors (2009) para el caso sueco: se analiza el tiempo dedicado a diferentes actividades con las encuestas españolas de uso del tiempo de 2002-2003 y 2009-2010. Los resultados muestran que las familias con hijos muestran pautas de reparto del trabajo doméstico más tradicionales, que dependen, en gran medida, de la edad de los niños, y que esta tendencia resulta menos marcada en 2009-2010. Key wordsGender AbstractThe literature on the division of domestic work has revealed the infl uence of the life cycle on family organization. Concretely, the arrival of children seems to have a signifi cant impact on the division of domestic tasks. This article looks at the effect of parenthood in the Spanish case, examining whether couples with children have a more traditional division of work than couples without children, and if so, in what way, and whether there have been changes in this trend over time. For this purpose, we follow the the empirical strategy of Dribe and Stanfors (2009) for the Swedish case, analyzing the time devoted to different activities using data from time use surveys from 2002-2003 and 2009-2010. The results show that couples with children have a more traditional division of labor than couples without children, and that it is also affected by the age of the children. In addition, our fi ndings show this trend was less pronounced in 2009-10. Dominguez-Folgueras, Marta (2015). «Parentalidad y división del trabajo doméstico en España, 2002 Cómo citar 46Parentalidad y división del trabajo doméstico en España, 2002España, -2010 INTRODUCCIÓN 1 La entrada de las mujeres en la esfera pública ha sido uno de los principales cambios ocurridos durante el siglo XX en las sociedades industrializadas. Hasta entonces, la vida de las mujeres se había centrado en la esfera privada, especializándose en las labores reproductivas. Por eso, el incremento en el nivel educativo y en la participación laboral de las mujeres ha ocurrido de manera paralela a importantes cambios en la esfera familiar y reproductiva. Sin embargo, mientras que las mujeres iban ganando un mayor acceso a la vida pública, su responsabilidad sobre el trabajo reproductivo no cambió de la misma manera, y muchas mujeres se enfrentaron a un «doble turno» (Hochschild, 1989). Este doble turno se ha ido suavizando con el paso del tiempo: diferentes investigaciones han mostrado que, durante las últimas décadas del siglo XX y el comienzo del XXI, las mujeres han reducido signifi cativamente el tiempo dedicado a las tareas del hogar...

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“…Since parental leave is unpaid, however, only about 3 percent of eligible mothers and 0.1 percent of eligible fathers make use of it, making parental leave of little practical relevance (Lapuerta et al 2011). In order to claim leave rights, a worker must have made a minimum amount of contributions into social security, which is normally set at 180 days during the seven years immediately before beginning leave or 360 days during the mother's or father's entire working career (Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social 2014).…”

Section: Short Maternity/paternity Leavementioning

confidence: 99%

The Policy Context of Fertility in Spain: Toward a Gender-Egalitarian Model?

Baizán

2016

Low Fertility, Institutions, and Their Policies

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Fertility levels have remained very low in Spain since the mid-1980s, implying a future rapid aging of the population. The stagnation of fertility levels is closely linked to the substantial changes in the welfare regime experienced during this period, involving shifts in the share of the cost of children between social institutions. While exchanges of care and financial support across generations are still high, including a prolonged coresidence of young adults with their parents, the role of households as providers of care and other services has substantially declined. The rapid increase in women's labor-market participation has led the dual full-time earner model of family to become the norm, although this trend has not been matched by a similar increase in men's unpaid work.These processes have weakened the ability of households to provide care and have created a demand for both state intervention and market solutions. The resulting care gap has been partially filled by the expansion of non-family childcare, in which the state has had an important role both as provider and regulator of the market. At the same time, childcare within the family has been undermined by policies in the domains of parental leave, parttime opportunities, and child benefits/tax allowances that provide little support to parenthood. Moreover, labor-market deregulation, focused on the young, has brought with it an increase in uncertainty about income, leading to the postponement of family transitions and depressing fertility.

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Individual and Institutional Constraints: An Analysis of Parental Leave Use and Duration in Spain

Abstract: Parental leave, Work–family balance, Gender equality, Simultaneous equations, Spain,

Cited by 76 publications

References 30 publications

Fathers on Leave Alone in Spain: ‘Hey, I Want to Be Able to Do It Like That, Too’

Fathers on Leave Alone in Spain: ‘Hey, I Want to Be Able to Do It Like That, Too’

Parentalidad y división del trabajo doméstico en España, 2002-2010

The Policy Context of Fertility in Spain: Toward a Gender-Egalitarian Model?

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