Individual and interactive effects of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on herbs in a deciduous forest in the eastern United States

Christopher, Cory C.; Matter, Stephen F.; Cameron, Guy N.

doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0661-x

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Because species differed among study areas and to simplify analysis, species were assigned guilds based on life forms and life histories [41,45,46]. Herbaceous species were assigned to one of five guilds: annuals/biennials, short perennial forbs (<20 cm tall), tall perennial forbs (>20 cm tall), ferns, and graminoids.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40]. In a study that examined the response of different native guilds (growth forms), Amur honeysuckle removal and deer exclusion increased abundance of annuals and spring perennials [41]. They also reported that deer exclusion increased the abundance of all guilds except summer perennials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As noted above, few studies have examined whether the effects of invasive shrubs and deer herbivory on plant communities are synergistic, additive, or antagonistic; and those studies were limited to two years [37,[39][40][41]. Our general hypothesis was that the cover dynamics of some plant guilds (defined below) would not be independent of deer herbivory and levels of invasive shrub control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent Effects of Invasive Shrubs and Deer Herbivory on Plant Community Dynamics

Ward

Williams

Linske

2016

Forests

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Both invasive species and deer herbivory are recognized as locally important drivers of plant community dynamics. However, few studies have examined whether their effects are synergistic, additive, or antagonistic. At three study areas in southern New England, we examined the interaction of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) herbivory and three levels of invasive shrub control over seven growing seasons on the dynamics of nine herbaceous and shrub guilds. Although evidence of synergistic interactions was minimal, the separate effects of invasive shrub control and deer herbivory on plant community composition and dynamics were profound. Plant communities remained relatively unchanged where invasive shrubs were not treated, regardless if deer herbivory was excluded or not. With increasing intensity of invasive shrub control, native shrubs and forbs became more dominant where deer herbivory was excluded, and native graminoids became progressively more dominant where deer herbivory remained severe. While deer exclusion and intensive invasive shrub control increased native shrubs and forbs, it also increased invasive vines. Restoring native plant communities in areas with both established invasive shrub thickets and severe deer browsing will require an integrated management plan to eliminate recalcitrant invasive shrubs, reduce deer browsing intensity, and quickly treat other opportunistic invasive species.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent Effects of Invasive Shrubs and Deer Herbivory on Plant Community Dynamics

Ward

Williams

Linske

2016

Forests

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“…First, they indicate how different vertebrate consumer guilds (i.e., rodents vs. deer) can have additive effects on the abundance and richness of native plants. Although it is known that deer can affect the structure of plant communities in temperate deciduous forests (Russell et al 2001), including forests invaded with L. maackii (Gorchov and Trisel 2003, Cipollini et al 2009, Christopher et al 2014) the importance of small rodents in governing plant recruitment in these forest systems has rarely been examined. Our work suggests that, just as in coniferous forests in North America (Tallmon et al 2003) and Europe (Olofsson et al 2004) and in grasslands (Howe et al 2002, Orrock and Witter 2010, Bricker and Maron 2012, small mammal consumers can have significant deleterious effects on plant recruitment, and that these consumers can also mediate indirect effects via their activities.…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Consumers Were Greatest On Native Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aboveground stems of L. maackii have deleterious effects on native understory plants (Collier et al 2002). Direct competition is likely to occur via two routes: via the shading of seedlings of putative competitors by mature L. maackii (Gould and Gorchov 2000, Gorchov and Trisel 2003, Miller and Gorchov 2004, Christopher et al 2014) and by competition for limited recruitment microsites among seeds of native plants and seeds of L. maackii due to high levels of seed input by L. maackii, as such seed limitation is important for many plant species (Clark et al 2007). Lonicera maackii produces large quantities of locally dispersed fruits (Luken and Thieret 1996; see Plate 1), with approximately 62% of the fruits falling on the ground without being dispersed by birds (Bartuszevige and Gorchov 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent competition and native consumers exacerbate the strong competitive effect of an exotic plant species

Orrock

Dutra

Marquis

et al. 2015

Ecology

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Direct and indirect effects can play a key role in invasions, but experiments evaluating both are rare. We examined the roles of direct competition and apparent competition by exotic Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) by manipulating (1) L. maackii vegetation, (2) presence of L. maackii fruits, and (3) access to plants by small mammals and deer. Direct competition with L. maackii reduced the abundance and richness of native and exotic species, and native consumers significantly reduced the abundance and richness of native species. Although effects of direct competition and consumption were more pervasive, richness of native plants was also reduced through apparent competition, as small-mammal consumers reduced richness only when L. maackii fruits were present. Our experiment reveals the multiple, interactive pathways that affect the success and impact of an invasive exotic plant: exotic plants may directly benefit from reduced attack by native consumers, may directly exert strong competitive effects on native plants, and may also benefit from apparent competition.

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Concordance of long‐term shifts with climate warming varies among phenological events and herbaceous species

Augspurger

Zaya

2020

Ecological Monographs

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Many temperate herbs now flower earlier than a few decades ago. Little is known about other phenological events, despite the importance of life history integration for plant fitness. This study addresses the hypothesis that temporal shifts of multiple phenological events in herbs are concordant with temporal changes in weather. Explicitly showing that changes in timing of annual life cycle events are correlated with changes in weather-predicting variables provides support for the hypothesis that a phenological shift is concordant with climate change. Observations of six phenological events and five phenophases were made yearround for 25 yr for herb species in a deciduous forest fragment, Trelease Woods in Illinois, USA. Dates for 43 species were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models for events and phenophases and were compared to weather data from a nearby station. For early species, emergence was delayed by 1.5 d/decade, while end expansion advanced by 3.8 d/decade and begin dormancy advanced by 2.5 d/decade. For late species, end expansion advanced by 6.7 d/decade, while begin senescence delayed by 17.7 d/decade. Begin flowering and end flowering advanced similarly for both seasonal groups, at 3.8 to 4.2 d/decade. Some events showed no temporal change. Species differed greatly in the degree or direction of change, related to seasonality of event or length of phase. Overall, for a given species, most events are advancing (68.4%) and most durations are shortening (74.4%). In 12 of 13 cases, inter-annual variation in event date was predicted by a temperature-event-season combination variable, but in only six cases did both event date shift and weather variable warm through time. This finding supports the hypothesis that climate change is associated with changes in some, but not all, phenological events. This first long-term, multi-phase study of a community of temperate herb species indicates little temporal coherence of responses of multiple phases. Changes in date are event specific, phase specific, and species specific. This complexity of responses among species and uneven responses within a species' integrated annual cycle events has implications for evolutionary responses and more immediate interactions among plant, animal, and microbe species in this community.

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Individual and interactive effects of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on herbs in a deciduous forest in the eastern United States

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Independent Effects of Invasive Shrubs and Deer Herbivory on Plant Community Dynamics

Independent Effects of Invasive Shrubs and Deer Herbivory on Plant Community Dynamics

Apparent competition and native consumers exacerbate the strong competitive effect of an exotic plant species

Concordance of long‐term shifts with climate warming varies among phenological events and herbaceous species

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