Individual and Joint Action of Environmental Factors and Risk of MS

Mei, Ingrid van der; Simpson, Steve; Stankovich, Jim; Taylor, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2010.12.007

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…Hyperlipidemia has been reported to be more common in MS than controls in some case control studies but not others [2]. Dyslipidemia was found to be more common in 1142 male veterans with MS (48.5%) compared to controls (44.6%).…”

Section: Hyperlipidemiamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Kang et al found that hyperlipidemia was more common in 898 PwMS at (14%) compared to 6.9% of 4490 controls. However, another study found that hyperlipidemia was found in 3% of 9949 PwMS compared to 5.1% of 1988 controls [2].…”

Section: Hyperlipidemiamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Although the etiology of MS is unknown, MS is believed to be triggered by various environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals [1,2]. Studies showing the change in incidence of MS in migrant populations points to the possible role of environmental factors in the development of MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Interventions and Multiple Sclerosis

Altowaijri

Fryman²,

Yadav

2017

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, disabling neurologic disease that has its onset in young adulthood. While the knowledge about underlying pathogenesis of MS has improved significantly over the last few decades, the exact cause still eludes us. Despite the availability of several United States Food and Drug Administration-approved disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for MS in the last two decades, the disease remains disabling for many. DMT use is limited by its partial effectiveness, significant side effects in many cases, and high cost that leads people with MS (PwMS) to look for alternative management options. Dietary intervention as a possible mode to help MS seems very appealing to PwMS; however, scientific data supporting this notion remains sparse. New information on the role of various non-MS health factors, especially vascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, salt intake, and obesity, that may play a role in MS pathogenesis appears very intriguing as it may partly explain the heterogeneity seen in MS activity and disability. This review will highlight the emerging information on various dietary approaches that may affect MS and their possible underlying mechanism.

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Section: Hyperlipidemiamentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Hyperlipidemiamentioning

confidence: 90%

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Dietary Interventions and Multiple Sclerosis

Altowaijri

Fryman²,

Yadav

2017

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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“…Most prominently, infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the subsequent immune response to this pathogen as well as environmental toxins prevalent in cigarette smoke have been validated as independent environmental risk factors for MS. These have been recently discussed in detail elsewhere 7,39,40 . Thus, we will focus on an interesting and meaningful research area, which has found its way into MS research and promises to pave novel avenues for therapeutic intervention – namely the interaction between the gut microbiome, the diet and autoimmune inflammation in the CNS.…”

Section: The Gut Microbiome and Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Environmental control of autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system

Rothhammer

Quintana

2016

Current Opinion in Immunology

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Summary Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which causes severe disability and requires extensive medical attention and treatment. While the infiltration of pathogenic immune cells into the CNS leads to the formation of inflammatory lesions in its initial relapsing-remitting stage, late stages of MS are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and demyelination even without continued interaction with the peripheral immune compartment. Several genetic and environmental factors modulate and influence these processes on multiple levels. Genetic variants confer a predisposition for the development of MS, but are not accessible to therapeutic intervention as of today. However, migration studies suggest that environmental factors influence disease development, activity and progression. This article reviews mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in MS and their modulation by environmental factors such as geographical localization, the gut microbiome and the diet.

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“…Environmental and lifestyle risk factors include low sunlight exposure and vitamin D, cigarette smoking and exposure to Epstein-Barr virus [3][4][5]. However it is not entirely clear whether the same factors also modulate disease progression and whether the putative factors that modulate the inflammatory components of the disease are the same as those that potentially modulate the neurodegenerative components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%