Individual and neighbourhood social capital and all-cause mortality in Brazilian adults: a prospective multilevel study

Pattussi, Marcos Pascoal; Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo; Rower, Helena Beatriz; Bairros, Fernanda Souza de; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.12.007

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our findings characterize the break of community connections and the lack of interaction between social groups in the same district. The erosion of social capital has been previously associated with poor health in Brazil [10,63,64]. There was a shift from community connections to family ties and a turn to private relations and spaces, somehow in contrast to previous research that found stronger community cohesion among the poorest areas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Constructing social identity through multiple “us and them”: a grounded theory study of how contextual factors are manifested in the lives of residents of a vulnerable district in Brazil

Vincens

Stafström

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Int J Equity Health

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The association between contextual factors and health inequalities is well documented, also in Brazil. However, questions about how contextual factors actually affect health and well-being persist. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how contextual factors-i.e., social stratification and neighborhood opportunity structuresare manifested in the lives of the residents of a vulnerable district in Brazil. We used a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach based on 12 in-depth interviews. The core category constructing social identity through multiple "us and them" is supported by eight main categories that characterize different pairs of "us and them", based on internal and external aspects of the social processes involved. Our findings strengthen and support the links between contextual factors and health inequalities, highlighting the relevance of downward social comparison, territorial segregation and stigmatization and erosion of social capital in the construction of social identities and the manifestation of social hierarchies and neighborhood structures in the Brazilian context. Ultimately, these create shame and stress but also pride and empowerment, which are recognized determinants of health inequities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Constructing social identity through multiple “us and them”: a grounded theory study of how contextual factors are manifested in the lives of residents of a vulnerable district in Brazil

Vincens

Stafström

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Int J Equity Health

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“…3,4,6,29 In regards to collective benefits, it has been suggested that in societies where the level of social capital is higher, people live longer, are less violent, have lower rates of mortality and morbidity, and assess their health better. 5,25,29 In addition, the development or maintenance of local health services and awareness of health information can be facilitated in areas with high social capital. 5,29 In this sense, social capital is an important outcome with benefits at the individual and collective levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five questions involved five dimensions of social capital (social trust, social control, empowerment, neighborhood security, and political effectiveness), adapted from previous publications. 1,25 The questions were selected according to results of a previous study, considering reliability and factorial analysis. 1 Thus, social capital was considered as a resource present in social structures, characterized by collective relations between individuals that generate reciprocity, interpersonal trust, and resources that facilitate collective actions.…”

Section: Non-clinical Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dental caries and socioeconomic status on social capital throughout adolescence: a 6-year follow-up

et al. 2020

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The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of clinical and socioeconomic factors on social capital throughout adolescence. A cohort study was performed in 2012 (T1) with a random sample of 1,134 12-year-old adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil. Questions on socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, household crowding) were answered by the parents. Clinicians evaluated their dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled status of permanent teeth) and gingival bleeding (using the Community Periodontal Index). Contextual variables including the mean income of the neighborhood in which the school was located were used (T1). The adolescents were revaluated in 2018 (T2) and answered questions regarding social capital (social trust, social control, empowerment, neighborhood security, and political effectiveness). A path analysis was used to test the relationship between the predictor variables (T1) and social capital (T2). A total of 768 adolescents were reevaluated at a 6-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.7%). Most of the adolescents were girls, with a low household income, about 40% had caries experience (T1), and about 64% had high social capital (T2). The highest neighborhood's mean income was related to a lower household income in T1 (p < 0.01), and this was directly related to a low social capital in T2 (p = 0.04). Furthermore, caries experience at T1 was directly associated with low social capital at T2 (p = 0.03). Socioeconomic factors were also related to caries experience. Individuals who lived in neighborhoods with greater inequality such as families with a low household income and those with untreated dental caries in early adolescence, had a low social capital after follow-up.

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“…Social capital is defined as the characteristics of social structures, such as levels of interpersonal trust, reciprocal norms, and mutual assistance, that create resources for individuals and facilitate collective actions [ 1 ]. Social capital is considered a significant psychosocial determinant of health [ 17 ], influencing various health behaviors and outcomes [ 18 ], such as violence and physical and psychological health [ 19 ]. Social capital affects health through several mechanisms: norms and attitudes that influence health behaviors, psychosocial networks that increase access to health care, and psychosocial mechanisms that increase self-esteem and influence health behaviors through interpersonal relationships [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between cigarette smoking attitudes and social capital among Iranian health and medical students: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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Background Smoking remains a leading public health challenge globally. As a psychosocial determinant of health, social capital can influence health attitudes and behaviors, and thus it may have the capacity to reduce smoking rates. The aim of this research was to examine the association between social capital and attitudes towards smoking among university students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 538 health and medical students, recruited using the proportionate sampling method. Participants’ social capital and attitudes toward smoking were assessed using the social capital questionnaire (SCQ) and the scale of cigarette smoking attitude (CSA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the multiple regression analysis. Results About one in four health and medical students reported smoking, either currently or in the past, and 30% had either positive or indifferent attitudes towards smoking. The mean scores of the SCQ and the CSA were 105.1 ± 19.7 and 48.6 ± 11.2, respectively. There was a statistically significant negative association between the SCQ and the CSA scores (r = − 0.24; p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, the SCQ scores were also negatively and statistically significantly associated with the CSA scores, after controlling potential confounders (B: -0.09; 95% CI: − 0.13 to − 0.004). Conclusions As future healthcare providers, who are expected to take the primary role in reducing smoking rates in the community, health and medical students should be supported to develop appropriate attitudes towards smoking. Promoting positive social capital among university students has the capacity to improve their attitudes towards smoking. Possessing negative attitudes towards smoking should hopefully reduce smoking behaviors among future health professionals and improve their participation in anti-smoking campaigns.

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Individual and neighbourhood social capital and all-cause mortality in Brazilian adults: a prospective multilevel study

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Constructing social identity through multiple “us and them”: a grounded theory study of how contextual factors are manifested in the lives of residents of a vulnerable district in Brazil

Constructing social identity through multiple “us and them”: a grounded theory study of how contextual factors are manifested in the lives of residents of a vulnerable district in Brazil

Effect of dental caries and socioeconomic status on social capital throughout adolescence: a 6-year follow-up

The association between cigarette smoking attitudes and social capital among Iranian health and medical students: a cross-sectional study

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