Individual Differences in Adaptability to Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments

Bartone, Paul T.; Krueger, Gerald P.; Bartone, Jocelyn V

doi:10.3357/amhp.4951.2018

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The capacity to adapt to ICE environments may require these and/or other attributes. A recent systematic review of studies addressing adaptability under ICE conditions confirmed the importance of intelligence, emotional stability, openness, mastery, and hardiness (Bartone et al, 2018). This study found that past experience, active coping style, and a moderate level of introversion also facilitated adaptability under extreme conditions.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…Following grounded theory procedures for qualitative analysis as recommended by Charmaz (2006;2012) and Castleberry & Nolen (2018), a thematic analysis was performed on the interviews in order to identify the unique and recurrent issues within each of the content areas. In the first stage of analysis, a coding scheme was developed that reflected factors from the scientific literature previously found to be related to human adaptability in extreme environments (Bartone, Adler, & Vaitkus, 1998;Bartone et al, 2018). In the case of stressors for example, these included isolation, danger, uncertainty, powerlessness, and boredom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Adaptability for Deep Space Missions: An Exploratory Study

Bartone¹,

Roland²,

Bartone³

et al. 2019

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

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The present qualitative study conducts in-depth interviews with astronauts and other subject matter experts in order to shed light on human adaptability in extreme environments. Deep space travel will entail a range of highly stressful conditions to which astronauts must adapt. Feelings of isolation will be increased, as the space traveler is farther from Earth for longer periods of time. Daily life will take place in small and confined areas, for durations extending into years. The dangers of the extreme environment of space are ever-present, and failure of critical equipment or components can lead to death. Astronauts will need to function more autonomously, with diminished support from Earth. It is thus important to select and train future astronauts who are able to adapt to such extreme and variable conditions and continue to function effectively. Subject matter experts identify the central adaptive challenges faced by crewmembers, and what are the key individual attributes associated with human adaptability. Results also point to organizational factors, as well as several coping and resource strategies that can be applied to improve human adaptability to extreme environments and missions. These results can be used to inform selection and training programs, as well as the design of space vehicles, systems, and habitats in order to enhance astronaut adaptive task performance.

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supporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Adaptability for Deep Space Missions: An Exploratory Study

Bartone¹,

Roland²,

Bartone³

et al. 2019

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Self Cite

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“…Several reviews have focused on individual differences in personality and other factors related to positive team performance in ICE environments, with an emphasis on space applications. 2,13,22 Bell et al 4 examined team composition variables and made a distinction between surface level (overt characteristics such as age, profession) and deep level variables (underlying psychological characteristics including personality and values). Deep level variables were considered to have a stronger and more enduring influence on team performance over time, as individuals get to know each other better.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deep level variables were considered to have a stronger and more enduring influence on team performance over time, as individuals get to know each other better. Bartone et al 2 concluded that (deep level) emotional stability and personality traits, including openness, facets of conscientiousness, introversion, self-control, hardiness, and low need for social support, are characteristics optimal for performing in ICE environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Attributes, Values, and Goals of an All-Military Women Antarctic Expedition

Blackadder-Weinstein¹,

Leon²,

Norris³

et al. 2019

aerosp med hum perform

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BACKGROUND: While participation of women in the military has increased, research on performance of female teams engaged in arduous physical activity in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments remains sparse. METHODS: A team of six British military women completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief Form, Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ) prior to embarking on an expedition that traversed the Antarctic continent. Questionnaires were completed weekly on the ice; repeat of the PVQ and individual semistructured debriefing interviews were carried out within 9 d post-expedition. RESULTS: Personality findings indicated a generally well-adjusted group with notable individual differences in personality and personal values. Positive affect and camaraderie among teammates was evident throughout, although pace vs. distance in the strategy of the daily trek was a continuing point of tension. Honesty in communication was viewed as key to team effectiveness. A significant post-expedition decline in the tradition value (Pre M = −0.55, SD = 0.99; Post M = −0.82, SD = 1.12) and an increase in the conformity value (Pre M = −0.26, SD = 0.46; Post M = 0.18, SD = 0.27) was found. DISCUSSION: Congruence in personal and team goals among group members engaged in highly challenging activities is crucial for optimal team performance. Presence of two highly dominant individuals has a negative effect on team dynamics. Application of study findings to space exploration is considered.

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“…It was evidenced for cold/heat and hypoxia ( Launay et al, 2006 ; Lunt et al, 2010 ; Keramidas et al, 2015 ; Gibson et al, 2017 ) which modified their interaction but broad data in this field of research is still missing due to difficulties of the measure so that a general conclusion cannot be drawn to date. The same accounts for the acclimatization response of each individual that seems to be affected by distinct differences ( Bartone et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulations of Neuroendocrine Stress Responses During Confinement in Antarctica and the Role of Hypobaric Hypoxia

Strewe¹,

Thieme

Dangoisse³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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The Antarctic continent is an environment of extreme conditions. Only few research stations exist that are occupied throughout the year. The German station Neumayer III and the French-Italian Concordia station are such research platforms and human outposts. The seasonal shifts of complete daylight (summer) to complete darkness (winter) as well as massive changes in outside temperatures (down to -80°C at Concordia) during winter result in complete confinement of the crews from the outside world. In addition, the crew at Concordia is subjected to hypobaric hypoxia of ∼650 hPa as the station is situated at high altitude (3,233 m). We studied three expedition crews at Neumayer III (sea level) (n = 16) and two at Concordia (high altitude) (n = 15) to determine the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on hormonal/metabolic stress parameters [endocannabinoids (ECs), catecholamines, and glucocorticoids] and evaluated the psychological stress over a period of 11 months including winter confinement. In the Neumayer III (sea level) crew, EC and n-acylethanolamide (NAE) concentrations increased significantly already at the beginning of the deployment (p < 0.001) whereas catecholamines and cortisol remained unaffected. Over the year, ECs and NAEs stayed elevated and fluctuated before slowly decreasing till the end of the deployment. The classical stress hormones showed small increases in the last third of deployment. By contrast, at Concordia (high altitude), norepinephrine concentrations increased significantly at the beginning (p < 0.001) which was paralleled by low EC levels. Prior to the second half of deployment, norepinephrine declined constantly to end on a low plateau level, whereas then the EC concentrations increased significantly in this second period during the overwintering (p < 0.001). Psychometric data showed no significant changes in the crews at either station. These findings demonstrate that exposition of healthy humans to the physically challenging extreme environment of Antarctica (i) has a distinct modulating effect on stress responses. Additionally, (ii) acute high altitude/hypobaric hypoxia at the beginning seem to trigger catecholamine release that downregulates the EC response. These results (iii) are not associated with psychological stress.

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Individual Differences in Adaptability to Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Human Adaptability for Deep Space Missions: An Exploratory Study

Human Adaptability for Deep Space Missions: An Exploratory Study

Individual Attributes, Values, and Goals of an All-Military Women Antarctic Expedition

Modulations of Neuroendocrine Stress Responses During Confinement in Antarctica and the Role of Hypobaric Hypoxia

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