Individual differences in false memory from misinformation: Personality characteristics and their interactions with cognitive abilities

Zhu, Bi; Chen, Chuansheng; Loftus, Elizabeth F.; Lin, Chongde; He, Qinghua; He, Li; Moyzis, Robert K.; Lessard, Jared; Dong, Qi

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.016

Cited by 71 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…They also passed the physical and clinical examinations for all freshmen administered by the university. They were asked to complete the Chinese version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) (Cloninger, 1994b;Zhu et al, 2010), the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI) (Beck, 1990;Beck et al, 1996), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Saunders et al, 1993) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (Heatherton et al, 1991), and were scanned for diffusion tensor and high resolution 3D anatomical images. All participants gave informed written consents and the study was approved by the Beijing Normal University Institutional Review Board.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber connectivity between the striatum and cortical and subcortical regions is associated with temperaments in Chinese males

et al. 2014

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber connectivity between the striatum and cortical and subcortical regions is associated with temperaments in Chinese males

et al. 2014

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“…Whether a claim (either substantiated or not) is accepted by an individual is strongly influenced by social norms and by the claim's coherence with the individual's belief system--i.e., confirmation bias (32,33). Many mechanisms animate the flow of false information that generates false beliefs in an individual, which, once adopted, are rarely corrected (34)(35)(36)(37).…”

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The spreading of misinformation online

Vicario

Bessi

Zollo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The wide availability of user-provided content in online social media facilitates the aggregation of people around common interests, worldviews, and narratives. However, the World Wide Web (WWW) also allows for the rapid dissemination of unsubstantiated rumors and conspiracy theories that often elicit rapid, large, but naive social responses such as the recent case of Jade Helm 15--where a simple military exercise turned out to be perceived as the beginning of a new civil war in the United States. In this work, we address the determinants governing misinformation spreading through a thorough quantitative analysis. In particular, we focus on how Facebook users consume information related to two distinct narratives: scientific and conspiracy news. We find that, although consumers of scientific and conspiracy stories present similar consumption patterns with respect to content, cascade dynamics differ. Selective exposure to content is the primary driver of content diffusion and generates the formation of homogeneous clusters, i.e., "echo chambers." Indeed, homogeneity appears to be the primary driver for the diffusion of contents and each echo chamber has its own cascade dynamics. Finally, we introduce a data-driven percolation model mimicking rumor spreading and we show that homogeneity and polarization are the main determinants for predicting cascades' size. misinformation | virality | Facebook | rumor spreading | cascades

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“…1B) were used to filter trials and isolate robust true and false memories (Zhu et al 2010) by including only those Critical Hit (true) and FA (false) trials that were subsequently classified with the source response of "saw it in the slides." This was done to remove guesses and to provide a conservative way of characterizing true and false memories.…”

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confidence: 99%

Imaging the reconstruction of true and false memories using sensory reactivation and the misinformation paradigms

Stark¹,

Okado²,

Loftus³

2010

Learn. Mem.

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Many current theories of false memories propose that, when we retrieve a memory, we are not reactivating a veridical, fixed representation of a past event, but are rather reactivating incomplete fragments that may be accurate or distorted and may have arisen from other events. By presenting the two phases of the misinformation paradigm in different modalities, we could observe sensory reactivation of the auditory and visual cortex during the retrieval phase. Overall, true and false memories showed similar brain activation, but could be distinguished by this reactivation. This was true only in the early regions of the sensory cortex.

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Individual differences in false memory from misinformation: Personality characteristics and their interactions with cognitive abilities

Cited by 71 publications

References 49 publications

Fiber connectivity between the striatum and cortical and subcortical regions is associated with temperaments in Chinese males

Fiber connectivity between the striatum and cortical and subcortical regions is associated with temperaments in Chinese males

The spreading of misinformation online

Imaging the reconstruction of true and false memories using sensory reactivation and the misinformation paradigms

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