Individual differences in fear-potentiated startle as a function of resting heart rate variability: Implications for panic disorder

Melzig, Christiane A.; Weike, Almut I.; Hamm, Alfons O.; Thayer, Julian F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.013

Cited by 112 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This value is nearly identical to the value that we have found for patients in previous investigations and may be a useful value for risk assessment (Melzig et al 2009;Kraemer et al 2001). These groups differed significantly in RMSSD as expected (low HRV group: 25.8 ± 6.5 ms; high HRV group: 51.7 ± 13.9 ms, F[1,41] = 64.0, P \ 0.0001, r pb = 0.78).…”

Section: Sample Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers

et al. 2010

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Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and delayed blood pressure recovery are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Besides this evident link, the vagus is thought to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of other allostatic systems, including inflammation and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, human evidence is scarce. To further explore these associations and with special regard to the postulated mediating role of the vagus, we hypothesised that subjects with low vagal tone as indexed by reduced resting HRV would show impaired post-stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine and immune system markers involved in cardiovascular pathology. 44 healthy men underwent a standardised mental stress test. Besides continuous measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and HRV serum cortisol, tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before, after, 20, and 60 min after stress. Low versus high HRV groups was defined by median split on resting HRV (RMSSD). The task elicited significant time effects for SBP, DBP, HR, HRV, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Subjects with low baseline HRV showed almost no modulation of HRV coupled with overall reduced HRV levels, and impaired recovery of DBP, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Confirming our hypothesis, low vagal tone was associated with impaired recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers in healthy males. The data support an inhibitory role of the vagus in the regulation of allostatic systems as described in the neurovisceral integration model. We posit reduced resting HRV as a risk marker for future cardiovascular and other stress-related disease.

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Section: Sample Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers

et al. 2010

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“…Regarding attenuation of pure startle, other researchers have shown that startle response does not always attenuate (Melzig et al, 2009). However, in the current study, there was not only a lack of attenuation, but with restricted range participants removed, there was actually a significant increase in startle response.…”

Section: Mentor Group (Hypothesis 8)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other researchers have found that fear-potentiated startle did not differ among those with anxiety sensitivityor panic disorder, whereas low resting HRV was predictive of increased startle. Moreover, persons with low resting HRV, regardless of diagnosis, failed to show a decrease in startle potentiation (Melzig, Weike, Hamm, & Thayer, 2009). …”

Section: Positive Tb Skin Test Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The STRIVE-ONR Project: Stress Resistance in Virtual Environments

Buckwalter¹

2015

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any o:her aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any o:her provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE ^DD-MM-WYVj 07/29/2015 REPORTTYPE FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT TITLE AND SUBTITLEThe STRIVE-ONR Project: Stress Resistance in Virtual Environments AUTHOR(S)Buckwalter, J. Galen PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)University of Southern California 3720 S. Flower Street Los Angeles, CA 90007-0701 SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Office SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) ONR SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACT ~STRIVE is a story-driven approach to using virtual reality (VR) for understanding and training psychological resilience in service members prior to a combat deployment. This effort is based on two scientific principles: 1) pre-exposure to traumatic events within a safe environment provides some degree of protection for those later exposed to subsequent trauma and 2) resilience, or the rate and effectiveness with which someone returns to normal after stress, can be strengthened through systematic training. This project created the fifth episode (of six) of STRIVE and also resulted in four papers. Interaction by SMs within such emotionally challenging scenarios aims to provide a more meaningful context in which to learn and practice psychoeducational and cognitive coping strategies that research suggests plays a supportive role in the psychological preparation for a combat deployment. To accomplish this, STRIVE has been designed as a multi-episode interactive narrative in VR, akin to being immersed within a "Band of Brothers" type storyline that spans a typical deployment cycle. We currently have an initial story arc of six episodes created that will be used in the research that is now being proposed. At the end of each of the graded 10-minute episodes, an emotionally challenging event occurs, designed in part from feedback provided by SMs undergoing PTSD VRET (e.g., seeing/handling human remains, direct threat to safety via an IED attack in a vehicle, moral challenges due to culturally relativistic events (wife beating), the death of a civilian child, death of a squad member, grief processing in theatre). At that point in the episode, the virtual worl...

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“…Melzig et al investigated the relationship between fear potentiated startle (a mammalian defensive response) and HRV in panic disorders. Their results revealed that low resting HRV was associated with exaggerated startle responses to the threat of shock [7] . Another recent study investigated the HRV in healthy controls and in patients with different types of anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder) [8] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work has suggested that HRV can be used to measure physiological changes in a number of psychiatric illnesses such as major depression [6] , generalized anxiety disorder [1] and post-traumatic stress disorder [7] . Melzig et al investigated the relationship between fear potentiated startle (a mammalian defensive response) and HRV in panic disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Basal HRV assessed through wavelet transform in the prediction of anxiety and affect levels: a case study

Magini

Mocaiber²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2012

JBGC

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The present paper is a designed case study to understand the potential role of heart rate variability (HRV) to predict different levels of anxiety and affect in a non-clinical sample by Wavelet Transform Tools. Trait anxiety was evaluated through the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Positive and negative affect scores were measured through the Positive (PA) and Negative (NA) Affect Schedule. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded during 4 min in basal conditions. The ECG data was analyzed using Wavelet Transform Daubechies order 4 as kernel. Our aim is investigate whether HRV, assessed by the wavelet transform decomposition in 8 levels of frequency, would be able to characterize trait anxiety (TA), PA and NA characteristics. Correlation analysis were conducted between each psychological parameter (TA, PA and NA) and the values of frequency levels. The results showed a weak but relevant tendency between frequency level and individual trait or affective score. Thus, the present study suggests that resting HRV is efficient to predict anxiety trait and affective trait and state. Beyond, the results points to the need of introducing different stimulations or tasks capable of modulating HRV and evidencing its association with distinct psychophysiological patterns.

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Individual differences in fear-potentiated startle as a function of resting heart rate variability: Implications for panic disorder

Cited by 112 publications

References 56 publications

Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers

Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers

The STRIVE-ONR Project: Stress Resistance in Virtual Environments

The role of Basal HRV assessed through wavelet transform in the prediction of anxiety and affect levels: a case study

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