Individual differences in glucose homeostasis: Do our early life interactions with bacteria matter?

Walker, Frederick R.; Owens, Julie A.; Ali, Sinan; Hodgson, Deborah M.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2005.11.004

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Other groups have shown that maternal exposure to multiple injections of endotoxin or some cytokines can lead to increases in body weight, adiposity, and circulating leptin levels in the offspring (15,40,63). In contrast, multiple endotoxin administration during the very early postnatal period (at P3 and P5) has been reported to result in a very slight reduction (62) or no change (39,61) in total body weight. We have now extended this neonatal period to time points that are very sensitive to other programming aspects and still find no effect on weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the long-term effects of a neonatal immune challenge on body weight regulation are less clear, and given the concern over the current obesity epidemic in modern society [e.g., (29)], demand further investigation. For instance, Walker and colleagues (61,62) have shown long-term changes in body weight in some cohorts of animals treated at P3 and P5 with an immune challenge, but not in others. In this laboratory, we have observed body weight changes under the condition of experimental colitis, where P14 LPS-treated rats, as adults, lost considerably more of their body weight than did neonatally saline-treated controls in response to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis (56).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neonatal immune challenge does not affect body weight regulation in rats

Spencer¹,

Mouihate²,

Galic³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The perinatal environment plays a crucial role in programming many aspects of adult physiology. Myriad stressors during pregnancy, from maternal immune challenge to nutritional deficiency, can alter longterm body weight set points of the offspring. In light of the increasing concern over body weight issues, such as obesity and anorexia, in modern societies and accumulating evidence that developmental stressors have long-lasting effects on other aspects of physiology (e.g., fever, pain), we explored the role of immune system activation during neonatal development and its impact on body weight regulation in adulthood. Here we present a thorough evaluation of the effects of immune system activation (LPS, 100 g/kg ip) at postnatal days 3, 7, or 14 on long-term body weight, adiposity, and body weight regulation after a further LPS injection (50 g/kg ip) or fasting and basal and LPS-induced circulating levels of the appetite-regulating proinflammatory cytokine leptin. We show that neonatal exposure to LPS at various times during the neonatal period has no long-term effects on growth, body weight, or adiposity. We also observed no effects on body weight regulation in response to a short fasting period or a further exposure to LPS. Despite reductions in circulating leptin levels in response to LPS during the neonatal period, no long-term effects on leptin were seen. These results convincingly demonstrate that adult body weight and weight regulation are, unlike many other aspects of adult physiology, resistant to programming by a febrile-dose neonatal immune challenge.gender; leptin; lipopolysaccharide; obesity THE PERINATAL ENVIRONMENT is known to play a crucial role in programming body weight. In humans, low birth weight and malnutrition during gestation have been linked with abdominal obesity in adulthood (31,45,46). Similarly, a variety of behavioral, physiological (including dietary manipulations), and immune stressors given to pregnant experimental animals have been reported to alter the body weight of adult offspring (4,15,27,36,40,63). It appears, however, that the timing of perinatal stress is critical in programming many aspects of adult physiology (35) and relatively little is known regarding the influence of postnatal stress on adult body weight regulation.The long-term physiological consequences of a neonatal immune challenge with LPS have been extensively described by our laboratory and others. For example, we have shown attenuated febrile and associated host defense responses in adulthood to an immune challenge of the same type as that experienced at postnatal day (P) 14 (9,17,18). Changes have also been demonstrated in memory processing (7), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation (51, 52), and susceptibility to pathological insults in adulthood (10, 55, 56). However, the long-term effects of a neonatal immune challenge on body weight regulation are less clear, and given the concern over the current obesity epidemic in modern society [e.g., (29)], demand further investigation. For instance, Walker ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal immune challenge does not affect body weight regulation in rats

Spencer¹,

Mouihate²,

Galic³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…LPS have been shown to induce stress like-responses in the neonate (Spencer et al, 2005), elevating circulating levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone, corticosterone, and glucose (Walker et al, 2008(Walker et al, , 2004(Walker et al, , 2006. Animals neonatally exposed to LPS subsequently produce significantly greater amounts of CRH, ACTH and corticosterone in response to stress in adulthood (Walker et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal lipopolysaccharide disrupts maternal behavior, reduces nest odor preference in pups, and induces anxiety: Studies of F1 and F2 generations

Penteado

Teodorov

Kirsten

et al. 2014

European Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Inflammatory responses associated with perinatal LPS exposure have been implicated in long-term programming of a variety of physiological and behavioural outcomes, such as adult immune responses [54,55,56,57], metabolic function [58,59] and neurobehavioural outcomes [60,61,62]. Only a few studies, however, have investigated the impact of perinatal immune challenge on reproduction.…”

Section: Early-life Programming Of Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors in Early-Life Programming of Reproductive Fitness

2015

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Fertility rates have been declining worldwide, with a growing number of young women suffering from infertility. Infectious and inflammatory diseases are important causes of infertility, and recent evidence points to the critical role of the early-life microbial environment in developmental programming of adult reproductive fitness. Our laboratory and others have demonstrated that acute exposure to an immunological challenge early in life has a profound and prolonged impact on male and female reproductive development. This review presents evidence that perinatal exposure to immunological challenge by a bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, acts at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in long-lasting changes in reproductive function, suggesting that disposition to infertility may begin early in life.

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Individual differences in glucose homeostasis: Do our early life interactions with bacteria matter?

Cited by 24 publications

References 61 publications

Neonatal immune challenge does not affect body weight regulation in rats

Neonatal immune challenge does not affect body weight regulation in rats

Prenatal lipopolysaccharide disrupts maternal behavior, reduces nest odor preference in pups, and induces anxiety: Studies of F1 and F2 generations

Factors in Early-Life Programming of Reproductive Fitness

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