Individual differences in positivity offset and negativity bias: Gender-specific associations with two serotonin receptor genes

Ashare, Rebecca L.; Norris, Catherine J.; Wileyto, E. Paul; Cacioppo, John T.; Strasser, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.009

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It must be acknowledged here that, according to some authors [ 44 , 63 , 64 ], self-ratings of dream emotions based on emotion rating scales may be biased by demand characteristics of the rating task (i.e., individuals may be primed by answer options) or phenomena such as the positivity offset (i.e., the tendency to experience mildly positive mood most of the time [ 65 ]); still, several authors argue that self-ratings more validly represent dream emotional experiences [ 39 , 66 , 67 ]; see also [ 44 ] for an extensive discussion of pros and cons of self- and external dream emotion ratings). In any case, as shown by Sikka et al [ 43 , 44 , 51 ], the mDES may also be usefully employed by external judges as a wide checklist of emotional categories to classify emotions in dream reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the increasing interest in sleep and dream-related processes of emotion regulation, their reflection into wake and dream emotional experience remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess dream emotions and their relationships with wake emotions through the modified Differential Emotions Scale (Fredrickson, 2003), which includes a broad array of both positive and negative emotions. The scale has been first validated on 212 healthy Italian participants, in two versions: a WAKE-2wks form, assessing the frequency of 22 emotions over the past 2 weeks, and a WAKE-24hr form, assessing their intensity over the past 24 h. Fifty volunteers from the wider sample completed the WAKE-24hr mDES for several days until a dream was recalled, and dream emotions were self-reported using the same scale. A bifactorial structure was confirmed for both mDES forms, which also showed good validity and reliability. Though Positive and Negative Affect (average intensity of positive and negative items, PA, and NA, respectively) were balanced in dreams, specific negative emotions prevailed; rmANOVA showed a different pattern (prevalence of PA and positive emotions) in wake (both WAKE-2wks and WAKE-24hr), with a decrease of PA and an increase of NA in the dream compared to previous wake. No significant regression model emerged between waking and dream affect, and exploratory analyses revealed a stable proportion of PA and NA (with prevailing PA) over the 3 days preceding the dream. Our findings highlight a discontinuity between wake and dream affect and suggest that positive and negative emotions experienced during wake may undertake distinct sleep-related regulation pathways.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, individual differences in the positivity offset predicted the spatial learning for positive stimuli, whereas individual differences in the negativity bias predicted the spatial learning for negative stimuli (Norris et al 2011). Early electrical neuroimaging research indicated that the negativity bias is associated with a larger late positive potential (Ito & Cacioppo 2000;Ito et al 1998;Smith et al 2006), and recent work suggests that the positivity offset and negativity bias are associated differently to two serotonin receptor genes (Ashare et al 2013). In sum, although most individuals exhibit both a positivity offset and a negativity bias, this is not true for all individuals, and stable individual differences in the positivity offset and negativity bias exist and predict what is learned about the world.…”

Section: Conclusion: Politics and Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in negativity bias underlie variations in political ideology

Hibbing¹,

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disputes between those holding differing political views are ubiquitous and deep-seated, and they often follow common, recognizable lines. The supporters of tradition and stability, sometimes referred to as conservatives, do battle with the supporters of innovation and reform, sometimes referred to as liberals. Understanding the correlates of those distinct political orientations is probably a prerequisite for managing political disputes, which are a source of social conflict that can lead to frustration and even bloodshed. A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence documents a multitude of ways in which liberals and conservatives differ from each other in purviews of life with little direct connection to politics, from tastes in art to desire for closure and from disgust sensitivity to the tendency to pursue new information, but the central theme of the differences is a matter of debate. In this article, we argue that one organizing element of the many differences between liberals and conservatives is the nature of their physiological and psychological responses to features of the environment that are negative. Compared with liberals, conservatives tend to register greater physiological responses to such stimuli and also to devote more psychological resources to them. Operating from this point of departure, we suggest approaches for refining understanding of the broad relationship between political views and response to the negative. We conclude with a discussion of normative implications, stressing that identifying differences across ideological groups is not tantamount to declaring one ideology superior to another.

show abstract

“…From an evolutionary perspective, this activation function enables organisms to explore novel environments, with the ultimate goal to find additional sources of nourishment and protection as well as occasions for mating and reproduction (Cacioppo & Berntson, 1994;Cacioppo & Gardner, 1999). Research has shown that positivity offset (as well as negativity bias) can be generalized across different kinds of stimuli (Norris, Larsen, Crawford, & Cacioppo, 2011), is temporally stable and trait-like consistent (Ito & Cacioppo, 2005), and can be used as a theoretical construct to interpret serotonergic function in healthy and clinical populations (Ashare, Norris, Wileyto, Cacioppo, & Strasser, 2013;Carver, Johnson, & Joormann, 2009;Gollan et al, 2016). During our task, positivity offset may have outweighed negativity bias because of the absence of proximal environmental danger which, in turn, promoted exploration (Ito & Cacioppo, 2005;Schettino, Loeys, Bossi, & Pourtois, 2012;Schettino, Loeys, Delplanque, & Pourtois, 2011;Schettino, Loeys, & Pourtois, 2013).…”

Section: Pleasant Information Is Prioritized In Early Visual Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid extraction of emotion regularities from complex scenes in the human brain

Schettino¹,

Gundlach²,

Müller³

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adaptive behavior requires the rapid extraction of behaviorally relevant information in the environment, with particular emphasis on emotional cues. However, the speed of emotional feature extraction from complex visual environments is largely undetermined. Here we use objective electrophysiological recordings in combination with frequency tagging to demonstrate that the extraction of emotional information from neutral, pleasant, or unpleasant naturalistic scenes can be completed at a presentation speed of 167 ms (i.e., 6 Hz) under high perceptual load. Emotional compared to neutral pictures evoked enhanced electrophysiological responses with distinct topographical activation patterns originating from different neural sources. Cortical facilitation in early visual cortex was also more pronounced for scenes with pleasant compared to unpleasant or neutral content, suggesting a positivity offset mechanism dominating under conditions of rapid scene processing. These results significantly advance our knowledge of complex scene processing in demonstrating rapid integrative content identification, particularly for emotional cues relevant for adaptive behavior in complex environments.

show abstract

Individual differences in positivity offset and negativity bias: Gender-specific associations with two serotonin receptor genes

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

Differences in negativity bias underlie variations in political ideology

Rapid extraction of emotion regularities from complex scenes in the human brain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About