Individual differences in rate of affect change: Studies in affective chronometry.

Hemenover, Scott H.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.121

Cited by 114 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Again, divergent dynamics of emotions across individuals are assumed to be the norm rather than the exception. People show sizeable individual differences in the duration of their emotions, both in normality (Verduyn, Delvaux, Van Coillie, Tuerlinckx, & Van Mechelen, 2009) and pathology (e.g., Tomarken & Keener, 1998;Whittle et al, 2008), in the variability of emotional intensity over time (Kuppens, Van Mechelen, Nezlek, Dossche, & Timmermans, 2007;Larsen, 1987), in the rate of affect repair (Hemenover, 2003), the degree of synchronicity that emotion components display over time (Mauss et al, 2005), and so on. An understanding of these divergent dynamics consists of revealing the ways and determinants of how specific emotion components occur and fluctuate, and how the outlook of the componential architecture (or interrelations between these components) is dependent on the person, on the situation, and on time.…”

Section: Multicomponential and Dynamic Approaches To Individual Diffementioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in emotion components and dynamics: Introduction to the Special Issue

Kuppens

Stouten

Mesquita

2009

Cognition and Emotion

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Section: Multicomponential and Dynamic Approaches To Individual Diffementioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in emotion components and dynamics: Introduction to the Special Issue

Kuppens

Stouten

Mesquita

2009

Cognition and Emotion

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“…state positive affect reflects an individual's short-term, often contextspecific, experience of positive emotions such as confidence or joy. " The PANAS has been used for diverse purposes in clinical (e.g., Clark & Watson, 1991), social (e.g., Schmeichel, Vohs, & Baumeister, 2003) and personality (e.g., Hemenover, 2003) psychology research. Indeed, the original article presenting the PANAS (Watson et al, 1988) has been cited more than 3,800 times (Web of Science, September, 2008), and in their review of self-report measures of affect, E. K. Gray and Watson (2007) suggested that "starting in the late 1980s, the Watson and Tellegen model-based on the dimensions of Positive and Negative Affect-gradually emerged as the most prominent structural/assessment scheme in research on self-rated affect" (p. 173).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PANAS positive activation is associated with anger.

Harmon‐Jones

Abramson

et al. 2009

Emotion

154

136

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As a prototypic negative emotion, anger would seem to have little in common with positive activation, as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; D. Watson, L. A. Clark, & A. Tellegen, 1988). However, growing evidence suggests that both anger and positive affect are associated with approach motivation. This suggests the counterintuitive hypotheses that positive affect should be increased by anger-evoking situations, and that positive affect and anger should be directly correlated in such situations. Four studies tested and supported these hypotheses. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results.Keywords: anger, approach motivation, positive affect, PANAS Some dimensional models of emotion postulate that positive affect is directly associated with approach motivation, whereas negative affect is directly associated with withdrawal motivation (e.g., Watson, 2000). In this article, we examine how anger, an approach-oriented, negatively valenced affect, relates to positive activation (PA), which has also been linked to approach motivation (Watson, 2000). PA is measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), one of the key measures used in tests of these dimensional models. More important, we tested the relationship during the experience of anger. If anger relates directly to PA, this would have implications for the structure of emotion and motivation. It would also suggest that the PANAS does not provide a pure measure of positivity, and this would have implications for the interpretation of research using the PANAS.The linking of affective valence with motivational direction may be appropriate for most affects. Joy, interest, and enthusiasm are positive affects that appear to be associated with approach motivation. Similarly, disgust, fear, and anxiety are negative affects that appear to be associated with withdrawal motivation. Most past research has examined these affects.Far less research has been conducted on anger, an affect that violates the direct linking of affective valence and approach motivation. Indeed, according to recent research, anger is a negative affect associated with approach motivational tendencies (for review, see Carver & Harmon-Jones, in press). Thus, in contrast to the theoretical idea that approach motivation is only associated with positive affect, we propose that approach motivation also involves certain negative affects, particularly anger. Consequently, if the PA measure of the PANAS taps approach motivation rather than purely positive activation, it should be related to anger even though PA and anger seem to have different valences. Watson (2000) suggested that positive activation reflects activation of the approach motivational system. He wrote, . . . a growing body of evidence has suggested that negative mood experience is part of a larger Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), whereas positive mood experience is linked to what has variously been called the Behavioral Activation System, Behavioral Engagement...

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“…Several authors have emphasized the importance of the temporal dynamics of emotions and suggested that these should be given more attention in future research (Eaton & Funder, 2001;Hemenover, 2003;Schimmack, Oishi, Diener, & Suh, 2000). Davidson (1998) even named the research domain affective chronometry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the duration of emotional experience: Two experience sampling studies.

Verduyn¹,

Delvaux²,

Coillie³

et al. 2009

Emotion

194

159

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The authors present 2 studies to explain the variability in the duration of emotional experience. Participants were asked to report the duration of their fear, anger, joy, gratitude, and sadness episodes on a daily basis. Information was further collected with regard to potential predictor variables at 3 levels: trait predictors, episode predictors, and moment predictors. Discrete-time survival analyses revealed that, for all 5 emotions under study, the higher the importance of the emotion-eliciting situation and the higher the intensity of the emotion at onset, the longer the emotional experience lasts. Moreover, a reappearance, either physically or merely mentally, of the eliciting stimulus during the emotional episode extended the duration of the emotional experience as well. These findings display interesting links with predictions within N. H. Frijda's theory of emotion, with the phenomenon of reinstatement (as studied within the domain of learning psychology), and with the literature on rumination.

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Individual differences in rate of affect change: Studies in affective chronometry.

Cited by 114 publications

References 47 publications

Individual differences in emotion components and dynamics: Introduction to the Special Issue

Individual differences in emotion components and dynamics: Introduction to the Special Issue

PANAS positive activation is associated with anger.

Predicting the duration of emotional experience: Two experience sampling studies.

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