Individual differences in the responses to endurance and resistance training

Abstract

Large individual differences in the responsiveness of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) to endurance training have been observed in healthy subjects. We tested the hypothesis that subjects with a poor responsiveness to endurance training might benefit from resistance training in terms of aerobic fitness. The study population consisted of sedentary healthy male and female subjects (n=91, 42+/-5 year) assigned to either a training (n=73) or a control group (n=18). The randomized cross-over study design included a 2-week laboratory-controlled endurance or resistance training period with a 2-month detraining period between the interventions. Large individual differences were observed in the changes of VO2peak (DeltaVO2peak) after both the endurance (average 8+/-6 %, P<0.001, range -5 to +22%) and resistance training (average 4+/-5%, P<0.001, range -8 to +16%). The average increase in DeltaVO2peak between genders was similar after both the endurance (8+/-6% for both genders, P=ns) and resistance training (3+/-5% for males and 5+/-6% for females, P=ns). There was no linear relationship between the changes in VO2peak after each training intervention (r=-.09, P=ns). On the contrary, when the study group was divided into quartiles according to the endurance training response (1+/-3, 6+/-1, 9+/-1, and 16+/-3% increase in VO2peak), the group with the lowest response to endurance training increased VO2peak after the resistance training intervention (DeltaVO2peak 7+/-5%, P<0.001). The individual responsiveness of VO2peak to exercise training is related to the mode of training. The healthy males and females whose training response is low after endurance training seem to result in a marked improvement in their cardiorespiratory fitness by resistance training.

Individual variability following 12 weeks of supervised exercise: identification and characterization of compensation for exercise-induced weight loss

“…Partial or overcompensation for ExEE will influence the weight loss associated with an energy deficit. Although various studies have demonstrated individual variability in response to exercise and dietary interventions, [19][20][21][28][29][30][31][32] this is the first study to attempt to characterize the causes of variability. Speculations about potential compensatory responses have been proposed and discussed previously; 22,33 however, these data actually demonstrate the effect.…”

“…It has also been demonstrated that there is a large inter-individual variability in improvements in maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2max ) in responses to exercise interventions. 20,21 Therefore, the phenomenon of variability in the VO 2max response to exercise interventions and variability in body weight to dietary interventions has been documented before. However, the phenomenon of variability in the changes in exercise-induced body weight has not been exposed fully.…”

Strength-Training with Whole-Body Vibration in Long-Distance Runners: A Randomized Trial

“…Hautala et al [9] observed that a strength training program based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine enhanced the O 2 max in healthy subjects ( O 2 max ~34 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ). Thus, it appears that changes in these physiological variables are dependent on initial aerobic fitness.…”

Short-term effects of cardiorespiratory parameters on 2 resistance training programs prescribing exercise intensity through the RPE

“…Sin embargo, no hay estudios que comparen los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en estos dos tipos de condiciones en variables cardiorrespiratorias: consumo de oxígeno máximo (VO 2máx ), umbral anaeróbico, frecuencia cardíaca (FC), ventilación (VE), etc., teniendo en cuenta que algunos estudios demuestran que programas de fuerza tradicionales en personas sedentarias tienen efectos cardiovasculares similares a actividades de resistencia como andar, correr o trotar (Kaikkonen, Yrjämä, Siljander, Byman, & Laukkanen, 2000;Hautala et al, 2006). Otros trabajos documentan que el entrenamiento de fuerza no es estímulo eficaz para la mejora del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO 2max ) (Hurley et al, 1984;Dudley, 1988), a no ser que sean personas sedentarias o de baja capacidad funcional.…”