Individual differences in time estimation related to cognitive ability, speed of information processing and working memory

Fink, Andréas; Neubauer, Aljoscha C.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.09.001

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In neuropathological research on Alzheimer’s disease, the cognitive decline associated with dementia has provided subtle evidence of a decline in WM capacity [15]; the higher WM capacity a person has, the slower the decline in his or her cognitive ability during the early stage of the disease [16]. In addition, other cognitive diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [17], schizophrenia [18], time estimation disorder [19], reading disorders [20], and emotional regulation disorder [21, 22] correlate highly with WM capacity. Because of the importance of WM, research on WM measurement has attracted considerable attention in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory test battery for young adults: Computerized working memory assessment

Chang²,

Chen

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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This study developed a battery of computerized working memory (WM) tests and a scoring system suitable for young adult users. The tests comprised five classic tasks derived from Baddeley’s model of WM, reflecting each of the five WM functions. We recruited 115 undergraduate and graduate students from various academic fields and constructed a preliminary WM scoring norm for young adults. The scoring norm was used as a basis for developing a computerized assessment system. The results of correlation analysis show that the fluid intelligence of young adults is related to the memory function of WM, but not to the central executive system. The proposed working memory test battery for young adults comprehensively reflects the WM capacity of adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory test battery for young adults: Computerized working memory assessment

Chang²,

Chen

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Meanwhile, explicit (e.g., verbal) time estimation can reveal psychopathology [2], [3] and expose memory capacity limits [4], [5] which are in turn related to general intelligence [6], [7]. Here, we investigate prospective time estimation (i.e., with the task known in advance) of 100- to 3000-millisecond durations under minimal working-memory load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Estimation Predicts Mathematical Intelligence

2011

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BackgroundPerforming mental subtractions affects time (duration) estimates, and making time estimates disrupts mental subtractions. This interaction has been attributed to the concurrent involvement of time estimation and arithmetic with general intelligence and working memory. Given the extant evidence of a relationship between time and number, here we test the stronger hypothesis that time estimation correlates specifically with mathematical intelligence, and not with general intelligence or working-memory capacity.Methodology/Principal FindingsParticipants performed a (prospective) time estimation experiment, completed several subtests of the WAIS intelligence test, and self-rated their mathematical skill. For five different durations, we found that time estimation correlated with both arithmetic ability and self-rated mathematical skill. Controlling for non-mathematical intelligence (including working memory capacity) did not change the results. Conversely, correlations between time estimation and non-mathematical intelligence either were nonsignificant, or disappeared after controlling for mathematical intelligence.Conclusions/SignificanceWe conclude that time estimation specifically predicts mathematical intelligence. On the basis of the relevant literature, we furthermore conclude that the relationship between time estimation and mathematical intelligence is likely due to a common reliance on spatial ability.

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“…In contrast, gradually lessening the stressor may result in simpler strategies for all individuals initially because of the strict time constraints experience initially, where not even the higher WM individuals are able to apply complex strategies. Nevertheless, individual differences in working memory can affect time estimation such that higher WM individuals are better at estimating time than lower WM (Fink & Neubauer, 2005). In the current study, if higher WM individuals are better able to estimate their time available, they may quickly adapt to the time constraints and perhaps shift to using a WADD strategy sooner.…”

Section: Eye Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ticking time bomb: Using eye-tracking methodology to capture attentional processing during gradual time constraints

Franco‐Watkins

Davis

Johnson

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Many decisions are made under suboptimal circumstances, such as time constraints. We examined how different experiences of time constraints affected decision strategies on a probabilistic inference task and whether individual differences in working memory accounted for complex strategy use across different levels of time. To examine information search and attentional processing, we used an interactive eye-tracking paradigm where task information was occluded and only revealed by an eye fixation to a given cell. Our results indicate that although participants change search strategies during the most restricted times, the occurrence of the shift in strategies depends both on how the constraints are applied as well as individual differences in working memory. This suggests that, in situations that require making decisions under time constraints, one can influence performance by being sensitive to working memory and, potentially, by acclimating people to the task time gradually.

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Individual differences in time estimation related to cognitive ability, speed of information processing and working memory

Cited by 29 publications

References 52 publications

Working memory test battery for young adults: Computerized working memory assessment

Working memory test battery for young adults: Computerized working memory assessment

Time Estimation Predicts Mathematical Intelligence

The ticking time bomb: Using eye-tracking methodology to capture attentional processing during gradual time constraints

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