Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.

Gross, James J.; John, Oliver P.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348

Cited by 8,902 publications

(11,382 citation statements)

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“…Emotion Regulation Competencies were assessed with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003). Ten items assess reappraisal and suppression on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1, don’t agree , to 7, agree absolutely .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The items are aggregated on two subscales using the mean of the respective items. The English version showed internal consistencies between α = .68–.82 in different studies and the retest-reliability was r tt = .69 over a period of three months (Gross & John, 2003). The German translation showed comparable psychometric properties (Abler & Kessler, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

Lorenz

Perkonigg

Maercker

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Adjustment disorder (AjD) was redefined for ICD-11 with core symptoms of preoccupation with a stressor and failure to adapt. The socio-interpersonal framework model for stress-response syndromes suggests that interpersonal factors, besides intrapersonal processes, substantially contribute to the development of AjD. Objective: The current study aimed to identify predictive factors in the development of AjD symptoms by the application of a framework model for stress-response syndromes. Method: N = 321 recently laid-off participants (47.7% female) were assessed with a newly developed standardized clinical diagnostic interview section on ICD-11 AjD. Self-report questionnaires measured AjD symptom severity, and interpersonal and intrapersonal predictors. Path analysis was used to model the associations between AjD symptom severity and the predictor variables. We conducted logistic regression to identify associated characteristics of diagnostic status. Results: AjD symptoms were highly prevalent and 25.6% of participants met the diagnostic criteria. Higher loneliness, higher dysfunctional disclosure, and lower self-efficacy were associated with both higher symptom severity and higher likelihood of meeting the diagnostic criteria for AjD. Higher perceived social support was associated with higher likelihood for AjD diagnosis. Conclusions: Research on risk factors for AjD is still sparse. This study provided empirical evidence on the role of interpersonal factors supporting the socio-interpersonal model for stress-response syndromes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

Lorenz

Perkonigg

Maercker

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…The 10-item Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) assesses emotion regulation and management processes in terms of both internal emotional experiences and external emotional expression (Gross & John, 2003). The items are scored on a 7-point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.…”

Section: Personality Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TWIN-E Project in Emotional Wellbeing: Study Protocol and Preliminary Heritability Results Across Four MRI and DTI Measures

et al. 2012

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Despite the significant advancements being made in the neurogenetics for mental health, the identification and validation of potential endophenotype markers of risk and resilience remain to be confirmed. The TWIN-E study (The Twin study in Wellbeing using Integrative Neuroscience of Emotion) aims to validate endophenotype markers of mental health across cognitive, brain, and autonomic measures by testing the heritability, clinical plausibility, and reliability of each of these measures in a large adult twin cohort. The specific gene and environmental mechanisms that moderate prospective links between endophenotypephenotype markers and the final outcome of wellbeing will also be identified. TWIN-E is a national prospective study with three phases: I) baseline testing on a battery of online questionnaires and cognitive tasks, and EEG, MRI, and autonomic testing; II) 12-month follow-up testing on the online assessments; and III) randomized controlled trial of brain training. Minimum target numbers include 1,500 male/female twins (18-65 years) for the online assessments (Phase I and II), 300 twins for the EEG testing component, and 244 twins for the MRI testing component. For Phase III, each twin out of the pair will be randomized to either the treatment or waitlist control group to test the effects of brain training on mental health over a 30-day period, and to confirm the gene-environment and endophenotype contributions to treatment response. Preliminary heritability results are provided for the first 50% of the MRI subgroup (n = 142) for the grey matter volume, thickness, and surface area measures, and white matter diffuse tensor imaging fractional anisotropy.

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“…It supports gaining control over lower level circuits and restraining reflexive fear driven behavior. Making oneself aware of interoceptive or external signals is also the first step for their reappraisal (Gross and John, 2003) and for psychotherapeutic interventions as directing the awareness away from for instance painful feelings towards pleasant aspects. However, current models of emotion regulation using active regulative strategies may suggest that by just being aware of the emotions, representing a first step prior to emotion modulation, one might still be indifferent to possible effects on emotions (Ochsner and Gross, 2005;Koole, 2009).…”

Section: Self-referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Self-related awareness and emotion regulation

et al. 2010

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The regulation of emotions is an ongoing internal process and often a challenge. Current related neural models concern the intended control of reactions towards external events, mediated by prefrontal cortex regions upon basal emotion processing as in the amygdala. Cognitive strategies to regulate emotions in the context of affective disorders or stress reduction, increasingly applied in clinical practice, are also related to mindfulness techniques. We questioned their effects on neural emotion processing and investigated brain activity during purely internal mental self-referential processes of making current emotions and self-related cognitions aware. Thirty healthy subjects performed a task comprising periods of cognitive self-reflection, of introspection for actual own emotions and feelings, and of a neutral condition, while they were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain activations of twenty-seven subjects during emotion-introspection and self-reflection, and also a conjunction of both, were compared with the neutral condition. The conditions of self-reflection and emotion-introspection showed distinguishable activations in medial and ventrolateral prefrontal areas, in parietal regions and in the amygdala. Notably, amygdala activity decreased during emotion-introspection and increased compared to 'neutral' during self-reflection. The results indicate that already the self-referential mental state of making the actual emotional state aware is capable of attenuating emotional arousal. This extends current theories of emotion regulation and has implications for the application of mindfulness techniques as a component of psychotherapeutic strategies in affective disorders and also for possible everyday emotion regulation. AbstractThe regulation of emotions is an ongoing internal process and often a challenge. Current related neural models concern the intended control of reactions towards external events, mediated by prefrontal cortex regions upon basal emotion processing as in the amygdala. Cognitive strategies to regulate emotions in the context of affective disorders or stress reduction, increasingly applied in clinical practice, are also related to mindfulness techniques. We questioned their effects on neural emotion processing and investigated brain activity during purely internal mental selfreferential processes of making current emotions and self-related cognitions aware. Thirty healthy subjects performed a task comprising periods of cognitive self-reflection, of introspection for actual own emotions and feelings, and of a neutral condition, while they were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain activations of twenty-seven subjects during emotion-introspection and self-reflection, and also a conjunction of both, were compared with the neutral condition. The conditions of self-reflection and emotion-introspection showed distinguishable activations in medial and ventrolateral prefrontal areas, in parietal regions and in the amygdala. Notably, amygdala activ...

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Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.

Cited by 8,902 publications

References 43 publications

A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

The TWIN-E Project in Emotional Wellbeing: Study Protocol and Preliminary Heritability Results Across Four MRI and DTI Measures

Self-related awareness and emotion regulation

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