Individual exposure to particulate air pollution and its relevance to thresholds for health effects: a study of traffic wardens.

Watt, Monika; Godden, D. J.; Cherrie, John W.; Seaton, Anthony

doi:10.1136/oem.52.12.790

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The respirable particle levels of the policemen in our study are comparable for the winter season with those of traffic wardens working in Aberdeen (22). However, a comparison of the measurements reported in different studies should be done with caution since samples may be collected using different sampling devices and for different sampling periods (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Conducting a study on individual exposure levels in a professional environment using active air sampling is always difficult, time consuming, and expensive, and these factors explain the small sample size of this type of study (21,22), in comparison with the large number of environmental studies estimating personal exposure from measurements made by central fixed site monitors (16,17). The policemen included in our study can be considered representative of the many urban workers (postal workers, newspaper vendors, and the like) exposed to traffic at work, but extrapolation to the total daily exposure of city dwellers, who spend only 6% of their time outdoors (17), is more difficult (26,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exposure to carcinogenic air pollutants among policemen working close to traffic in an urban area

Maı̂tre¹,

Soulat²,

Masclet³

et al. 2002

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to carcinogenic air pollutants among policemen working close to traffic in an urban area

Maı̂tre¹,

Soulat²,

Masclet³

et al. 2002

Scand J Work Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Second, misclassification of the exposure tends to produce a smooth exposure-response relationship even when a threshold type relationship is present. 172 With non-differential misclassification, where true exposure is as likely to be underestimated as overestimated, one could imagine that even if a true population threshold were present at some concentration, the threshold would be blurred by observing effects below the threshold in individuals whose measured exposure is below the threshold, but whose true exposure is above it. Third, confounding effects of other factors that may not be adequately controlled can also distort an exposure-response relationship.…”

Section: Cut-pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Particles and Health: Lines that Divide

Vedal

1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

393

229

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“…10,14,[30][31][32] Indoor sources can influence personal exposures more than outdoor levels, because people generally spend larger amounts of time indoors compared to outdoors. Further, the "personal cloud," which likely involves the proximity of individuals to particle sources and resuspended indoor dust from activities, leads to increased personal exposures.…”

Section: Particulate Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients to Particulate Matter: Relationships between Personal and Ambient Air Concentrations

Ebelt¹,

Petkau²,

Vedal³

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

113

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Most time-series studies of particulate air pollution and acute health outcomes assess exposure of the study population using fixed-site outdoor measurements. To address the issue of exposure misclassification, we evaluate the relationship between ambient particle concentrations and personal exposures of a population expected to be at risk of particle health effects. IMPLICATIONSAs epidemiological studies aim to attribute observed health effects to outdoor air pollution, the contribution of outdoor air pollutants to population exposure must be assessed. To support time-series epidemiological studies that evaluate the health impacts of short-term changes in air pollution, an exposure metric is required for which the day-to-day variability in personal exposures reflects the variability of ambient concentrations being measured. We found that personal exposures to particulate sulfate in a group of subjects at risk for adverse health effects of particulate air pollution were highly correlated, over time, with ambient particle concentrations. Personal exposures to sulfate were highly correlated with ambient levels across all individuals and all levels of exposure, whereas correlations between personal exposures to PM 2.5 and ambient particle concentrations were lower and more variable. Overall, we have shown that a personal measure of exposure to outdoor source PM is highly related to variation in ambient levels of PM, lending support to time-series epidemiological studies.Sampling was conducted within the Vancouver metropolitan area during April-September 1998. Sixteen subjects (non-smoking, ages 54-86) with physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) wore personal PM 2.5 monitors for seven 24-hr periods, randomly spaced approximately 1.5 weeks apart. Time-activity logs and dwelling characteristics data were also obtained for each subject. Daily 24-hr ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were measured at five fixed sites spaced throughout the study region. SO 4 2-, which is found almost exclusively in the fine particle fraction and which does not have major indoor sources, was measured in all PM 2.5 samples as an indicator of accumulation mode particulate matter of ambient origin.The mean personal and ambient PM 2.5 concentrations were 18 µg/m 3 and 11 µg/m 3 , respectively. In analyses relating personal and ambient measurements, ambient concentrations were expressed either as an average of the values obtained from five ambient monitoring sites for each day of personal sampling, or as the concentration obtained at the ambient site closest to each subject's home. metric, the median r between personal and average ambient concentrations was 0.96 (range = 0.66 to 1.0). Use of the closest ambient site did not improve the median correlation of the group for either PM 2.5 or SO 4 2-. All pooled analyses resulted in lower correlation coefficients than the median correlation coefficient of individual regressions. Personal SO 4 2-was more highly correlated with all ambient measures than PM 2.5 ....

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Individual exposure to particulate air pollution and its relevance to thresholds for health effects: a study of traffic wardens.

Cited by 60 publications

References 6 publications

Exposure to carcinogenic air pollutants among policemen working close to traffic in an urban area

Exposure to carcinogenic air pollutants among policemen working close to traffic in an urban area

Ambient Particles and Health: Lines that Divide

Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients to Particulate Matter: Relationships between Personal and Ambient Air Concentrations

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