Individual housing does not influence the adaptation of the pituitary-adrenal axis and other physiological variables to chronic stress in adult male rats

Giralt, Marina; Armario, Antonio

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90061-9

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, IH has been reported to impair water maze learning (Wade and Maier 1986). Similarly to IR, the effects of IH on endocrine systems are not consistent between the studies, with either increased (Lovely et al 1972), decreased (Miachon et al 1993) or similar basal corticosterone levels (Niesink and van Ree 1983;Giralt and Armario 1989) being reported. Although the neurochemical alter-ations apparent as a consequence of IH are not clearly defined in the literature, some ex-vivo studies have demonstrated reduced dopaminergic metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and generally reduced serotonin function (for review, see Hall 1998).…”

Section: Social Isolationmentioning

confidence: 45%

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

2001

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Rationale: In schizophrenia research, the study of animal models has received considerable attention in the past 20 years. The value of animal models in preclinical research is widely recognised, largely because they can provide precious knowledge regarding the neurobiology of schizophrenia and can also be used for developing antipsychotic drugs. Prepulse inhibition (PPI; reduction in startle reflex induced by a prestimulus) is impaired in schizophrenic patients, a finding that has been associated with a loss of sensorimotor gating abilities. In rats, the schizophrenic-like PPI deficit can be induced by pharmacological or surgical manipulations targeting mainly the cortico-meso-limbic circuitry. Objectives: The literature was critically reviewed in an effort to determine the robustness and the relevance for schizophrenia of another category of animal models, based purely on manipulations of the social environment, that encompasses the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Specifically, we focused our attention on the long-term effects of such environmental models on sensorimotor gating processes as assessed in the PPI paradigm, with an attempt to evaluate their face, predictive and construct validity. Results: Our review of the literature leads to the conclusion that social deprivation performed directly after weaning (~21 days of age) is more likely to be a relevant model for PPI impairments in schizophrenia than pre-weaning manipulations. Conclusions: Although the robustness of such environmental models requires further study, these animal models offer the advantage of avoiding invasive manipulations, which allows for a variety of anatomical, electrophysiological, neuroendocrine or neurochemical investigations in the absence of confounding pharmacological or surgical effects.

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Section: Social Isolationmentioning

confidence: 45%

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

2001

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“…Several studies have suggested that isolation per se causes higher anxiety (DaSilva et al, 1996;Jankowsla, Pucilowski, & Kostowski, 1991;Vasar et al, 1993) or chronic stress (Ahmed, Stinus, LeMoal, & Cador, 1995;Boakes & Dwyer, 1997;D'Aquila, Brain, & Willner, 1994;Gamallo et al, 1986) in animals, while other studies indicate that the effects of isolation rearing have no relationship to stress responses (Giralt & Armario, 1989;Paulus, Varty, & Geyer, 2000;Płaźnik et al, 1993). Other studies suggest that other factors which accompany the procedure of isolation rearing might produce some stress experiences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As for the reactivity to restraint, some studies have reported an increases in rats reared in isolation (Gamallo, Villanua, Trancho, & Fraile, 1986;Płaźnik, Pałejko, Stefański, & Kostowski, 1993) whereas others have shown a decrease in reactivity (Giralt & Armario, 1989).…”

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confidence: 98%

The effects of age and isolation period on two phases of behavioral response to foot shock in isolation‐reared rats

Arakawa

2002

Developmental Psychobiology

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Using rats as subjects, the effects of a period of isolation and the subjects' age during isolation on the response to foot shock were systematically examined in three experiments. Both the thresholds of shock that evoked a jumping response and that evoked a thrashing response were measured. The results suggest that the threshold for jumping response decreased when rats were isolated during the postweaning stage of development. On the other hand, the threshold for thrashing response decreased when the subjects were isolated for more than 39 days, independently of their age during isolation. Possible causes of the differential effects of these two factors are discussed in relation to the developmental process of these two behavioral indices.

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“…In each of these studies, rehousing ethanolexperienced rats in a social setting produced an increase in ethanol consumption; whereas the former studies were performed in ethanolnaive animals. From previous rodent research, we know that changes to housing conditions are stressful for rodents (Misslin, Herzog, Koch, & Ropartz, 1982;Tuli, Smith, & Morton, 1995), rodents in an isolated housing environment are more sensitive to stress than those in a social environment (Giralt & Armario, 1989), stress alters ethanol consumption (Cozzoli, Tanchuck-Nipper, Kaufman, Horowitz, & Finn, 2014;Meyer, Long, Fanselow, & Spigelman, 2013), ethanol experience alters ethanol reward value (Shimizu et al, 2015;McCusker & Bell, 1988), and ethanol consumption reduces the ability to cope with stress (Zhao, Weiss, & Zorrilla, 2007). Taken together, one could argue that for ethanol-naïve rats, the provision of social interactions provides greater rewarding benefits/stress relief than the biological effects obtained from ethanol consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and environmental enrichment has different effects on ethanol and sucrose consumption in mice

et al. 2017

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Individual housing does not influence the adaptation of the pituitary-adrenal axis and other physiological variables to chronic stress in adult male rats

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

The effects of age and isolation period on two phases of behavioral response to foot shock in isolation‐reared rats

Social and environmental enrichment has different effects on ethanol and sucrose consumption in mice

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