Individual Maize Chromosomes in the C3 Plant Oat Can Increase Bundle Sheath Cell Size and Vein Density

Tolley, Ben J.; Sage, Tammy L.; Langdale, Jane A.; Hibberd, Julian M.

doi:10.1104/pp.112.200584

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The gene expression levels of the two key C4 enzymes in the OMAs, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) on maize Chr6 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) on Chr9, were not significantly changed compared with those in the maize B73 (Table 2 ). These data are consistent with the results of previous studies investigating the RNA and protein expression of the two genes in OMAs ( 42 , 43 ). However, the expression of other C4-related genes was changed in the oat genomic environment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Transcriptional and epigenetic adaptation of maize chromosomes in Oat-Maize addition lines

Dong

et al. 2018

Nucleic Acids Research

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By putting heterologous genomic regulatory systems into contact, chromosome addition lines derived from interspecific or intergeneric crosses allow the investigation of transcriptional regulation in new genomic environments. Here, we report the transcriptional and epigenetic adaptation of stably inherited alien maize chromosomes in two oat–maize addition (OMA) lines. We found that the majority of maize genes displayed maize-specific transcription in the oat genomic environment. Nevertheless, a quarter of the expressed genes encoded by the two maize chromosomes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Notably, highly conserved orthologs were more severely differentially expressed in OMAs than less conserved orthologs. Additionally, syntenic genes and highly abundant genes were over-represented among DEGs. Gene suppression was more common than activation among the DEGs; however, the genes in the former maize pericentromere, which expanded to become the new centromere in OMAs, were activated. Histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K9ac and H3K27me3) were consistent with these transcriptome results. We expect that cis regulation is responsible for unchanged expression in OMA versus maize; and trans regulation is the predominant mechanism behind DEGs. The genome interaction identified here reveals the important consequences of interspecific/intergeneric crosses and potential mechanisms of plant evolution when genomic environments interact.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Transcriptional and epigenetic adaptation of maize chromosomes in Oat-Maize addition lines

Dong

et al. 2018

Nucleic Acids Research

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“…The SCARECROW/SHORTROOT regulatory network has been determined to be one of the important components required for Kranz anatomy patterning because the leaves of C3 plants with mutated Scarecrow gene was normal, while in the C4 plants mutation in the same gene damaged the Kranz anatomy (Slewinski et al 2012 ; Wang et al 2013b ). Recently, it has been shown that introduction of maize chromosomes into oat could increase the BSC size and reduce vein spacing in C3 oat leaves demonstrating that the anatomy of C3 leaf can be modified (Tolley et al 2012 ). Moreover, a large effort has been put to screen sorghum (C4) mutants with increased vein spacing and rice (C3) mutants with reduced vein spacing so that the genes controlling vein spacing trait can be identified (Rizal et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by inserting the C4 pathway

Karki

Rizal

Quick

2013

Rice

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To boost food production for a rapidly growing global population, crop yields must significantly increase. One of the avenues being recently explored is the improvement of photosynthetic capacity by installing the C4 photosynthetic pathway into C3 crops like rice to drastically increase their yield. Crops with an enhanced photosynthetic mechanism would better utilize the solar radiation that can be translated into yield. This subsequently will help in producing more grain yield, reduce water loss and increase nitrogen use efficiency especially in hot and dry environments. This review provides a summary of the factors that need to be modified in rice so that the C4 pathway can be introduced successfully. It also discusses the differences between the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways in terms of anatomy, biochemistry and genetics.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1939-8433-6-28) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This may be why in oat-maize addition lines, the addition of individual maize chromosomes do not confer a functional C 4 photosynthetic mechanism (Tolley et al, 2012), because the oat C 4 program may have been suppressed or undergone degradation in leaves. However, in these studies, it is also important to take into consideration the caveats of the experiment itself.…”

Section: Evolution Of Kranz-type C4 Mechanism In Monocots: Revisitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using evolution as a guide to engineer kranz-type c4 photosynthesis

Slewinski¹

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Kranz-type C4 photosynthesis has independently and rapidly evolved over 60 times to dramatically increase radiation use efficiency in both monocots and eudicots. Indeed, it is one of the most exceptional examples of convergent evolution in the history of life. The repeated and rapid evolution of Kranz-type C4 suggests that it may be a derivative of a conserved developmental pathway that is present in all angiosperms. Here, I argue that the Kranz-type C4 photosynthetic system is an extension of the endodermis/starch sheath, that is normally only found in the roots and stems, into photosynthetic structures such as leaves. Support for this hypothesis was recently provided by a study that showed that the same genetic pathway that gives rise to the endodermis in roots, the SCARECROW/SHORT-ROOT radial patterning system, also regulates the development of Kranz anatomy and C4 physiology in leaves. This new hypothesis for the evolution of Kranz-type C4 photosynthesis has opened new opportunities to explore the underlying genetic networks that regulate the development and physiology of C4 and provides new potential avenues for the engineering of the mechanism into C3 crops.

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Individual Maize Chromosomes in the C3 Plant Oat Can Increase Bundle Sheath Cell Size and Vein Density

Cited by 26 publications

References 66 publications

Transcriptional and epigenetic adaptation of maize chromosomes in Oat-Maize addition lines

Transcriptional and epigenetic adaptation of maize chromosomes in Oat-Maize addition lines

Improvement of photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by inserting the C4 pathway

Using evolution as a guide to engineer kranz-type c4 photosynthesis

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