Individual, maternal and household risk factors for anaemia among young children in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study

Moschovis, Peter P.; Wiens, Matthew O.; Arlington, Lauren; Antsygina, Olga; Hayden, Douglas; Dzik, Walter; Kiwanuka, Julius; Christiani, David C.; Hibberd, Patricia L.

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019654

Cited by 95 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…this results in the same as others like research done Ethiopia [38], in Bangladesh [41] and in Sub Sahara Africa [42]. The reason for child feeding, hygiene, and child care older age mothers have good experienced.…”

Section: Model Comparisonsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Child age increases the risk of anemia decrease this result similar with other ndings such as a study done in Ethiopia Eastern Amhara [38], EDHS-2011 [12], and in Sub Sahara Africa [42] this could be explained by the fact that older children receive a diet that is richer and complete iron, with su cient intake of iron it prevents the occurrence of anemia in the child. Prevalence of anemia by severity and region in Ethiopia, 2016.…”

Section: Model Comparisonsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Spatial Heterogeneity and Factors Influencing Anemia and Severe Anemia among Under-5 Children in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

Hailu

Bogale

Miheretu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Anemia is recognized as a significant public health problem in Ethiopia. Method: This secondary analysis, sampling technique and procedures done by DHS. A total of 8482 children aged 6–59 months were included in the study from EDHS 2016. Used tools for spatial heterogeneity analysis are Morans I, Local G*, Heat map, and Kulldorﬀ’s scan statistic, those carried out open source software (QGIS, GeoDa, SaTScan). Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to identify both individual and household level factors associated with anemia and severe anemia, which measures between household variability using IHHC of the null model and generates 4 models PCV, AIC, and log-likelihood ratio used model selection for a report, which is carried out Stata 14.Result: The highest risk of both anemia and severe anemia regions are Somalia, Afar, DireDawa, and Harari. Specifically, all zones of Somalia, Afar (zone1, and 3), DireDawa, Harari, and Oromia higher risk of anemia and some of them are high risk for severe anemia. The high concentration of the disease showed in DireDawa, Harari, Jigjiga some part of Gambela and Benishangul Afar at the boundary of Amhara and Tigray and Eastern part of Tigray for anemia. Harari, DireDawa, and Afar at the border of Djibouti had high concentrated(density) severe anemia. Children (Younger age, lower preceding birth interval, stunted, underweight); mothers (younger age and anemic); households (poor and denser family number); and children from the highest and the lowest ecological zone are high risk for anemia. Additionally, children from the younger, work less, uneducated, poor, and anemic mother were high risk of a severe anemiaConclusion: Across the country, anemia is high, especially rift value areas highly affected by both anemia and severe anemia like Somalia regions and its neighbors. Those regions are not productive areas, lack of health facility, malaria region, backward for any access. So the concerned body must be tackled to minimize this childhood series problem. Before starting any intervention first must be prioritized according to risk, concentration, and characteristics.

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Section: Model Comparisonsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Model Comparisonsupporting

confidence: 88%

Spatial Heterogeneity and Factors Influencing Anemia and Severe Anemia among Under-5 Children in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

Hailu

Bogale

Miheretu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A decline in paediatric anaemia with age has been reported in many countries (Engle-Stone et al, 2017;Moschovis et al, 2018).…”

Section: Many Prior Studies Have Analysed Blood and Hb Abnormalities Inmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A decline in paediatric anaemia with age has been reported in many countries (Engle‐Stone et al, ; Moschovis et al, ). Physiological and hormonal changes that occur from infancy to childhood influence Hb concentration, which usually increases with age (Yip, Johnson, & Dallman, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Age‐specific risk factors for child anaemia in Myanmar: Analysis from the Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016

Kang

Kim

2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Anaemia is prevalent among preschool‐aged children in Myanmar, but few epidemiological studies of anaemia at the national level were reported. Using data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016, we examined risk factors for anaemia at household, maternal, and individual levels for children aged 6–23 months (n = 1,133) and 24–59 months (n = 2,393) separately. Survey design and sampling weights were adjusted for in multivariate regression analyses. The prevalence of anaemia was 77.2% in children aged 6–23 months and 50.8% in those aged 24–59 months. Living in geographic zones other than the hilly zone was associated with a higher odds of anaemia in both age groups (OR = 1.86–2.51 [95% lower limit > 1.0]). Maternal anaemia predicted child anaemia in a dose–response manner in both groups (6–23 months of age, OR = 2.01, 95% CI [1.38, 2.92; mild] and OR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.12, 5.19; moderate]; and 24–59 months of age, OR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.12, 1.81; mild] and OR = 2.92, 95% CI [1.91,4.46; moderate]). A maternal age of 14–24 years (ref: 25–34 years, OR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.06, 2.64]) and maternal tolerant attitude to domestic violence (OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.13, 2.31]) predicted anaemia in children aged 6–23 months only. Younger child age (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.96, 0.98]), stunting (OR = 1.35, 95% CI [1.08, 1.69]) and using unimproved drinking water sources (OR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.10, 1.75]) were associated with anaemia in children aged 24–59 months. Consideration of age‐specific risks factors for child anaemia will help in planning anaemia control programmes in Myanmar.

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“…Anemia is defined as a condition where there is an insufficient quantity of homoglobin, hematocrit or red cell in the human body [1,2]. This condition affect mostly pregnant women and children less than 2 years of age [3,4]. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), the population is classified as being normal when the prevalence is below 2.5%, and the prevalence above 5% raise health concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of anemia in children under five years in Angola, Malawi and Senegal: A comparative study

Khulu

Ramroop

2019

Preprint

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Background: Anemia is defined as a condition where there is an insufficient quantity of homoglobin, hematocrit or red cell in the human body [1, 2]. Unicef (2017) report urged all countries to reduce under ve years mortality by 2030, thereof there is a need of understanding and determining factors contributing to child mortality. The significance of this study underpins the improvement in collaboration among the three countries and recommend to government the area to invest in order to meet the SDG target.Method: The current study used demographic health survey data from Angola (2016), Malawi (2016) and Senegal (2016). Using World Health Organisation (WHO) classification guidelines of anemia, the ordinal dependent variable was developed. The three categories of anemia condition used in this study are Mild (10.0 - 10.9 g/dl), Moderate (7.0 - 9.9 g/dl) and severe (<7 g/dl). Results: Gamma measure and chi-square test of independence was conducted to explore the association between anemia status and factors. The score test and Brant test were used to test the proportional odds model assumption and it was satisfied.Results from ordinal survey logistic regression model found place of residence, age of the child, wealth index, mother level of education and nutritional status to be significant factors associated with anemic condition of under five year children in all three countries. Discussion: The health institutions of Angola, Malawi and Senegal need to monitor under five years children that are suffering from malnutrition condition. The study showed that there is a high chance for under five years children to suffer from both malnutrition and anemia condition. This finding is similar to the results of the study that was conducted in Bangladesh and Burma [27, 28].Conclusion: The study identifieed place of residence, age of the child, wealth index, mother level of education and nutritional status as common factors associated with anemia in Angola, Malawi and Senegal. This nding is in agreement with that of the studies conducted by [27, 26, 36]. The results showed the necessity of collaboration between Angola, Malawi and Senegal in order to achieve the SGD target.

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Individual, maternal and household risk factors for anaemia among young children in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 95 publications

References 39 publications

Spatial Heterogeneity and Factors Influencing Anemia and Severe Anemia among Under-5 Children in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

Spatial Heterogeneity and Factors Influencing Anemia and Severe Anemia among Under-5 Children in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis

Age‐specific risk factors for child anaemia in Myanmar: Analysis from the Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016

Determinants of anemia in children under five years in Angola, Malawi and Senegal: A comparative study

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