Individual measurement of exposure to everyday violence among elementary schoolchildren across various settings

Raviv, Amiram; Erel, Osnat; Fox, Nathan A.; Leavitt, Lewis A.; Dar, Irit; Shahinfar, Ariana; Greenbaum, Charles W.

doi:10.1002/1520-6629(200103)29:2<117::aid-jcop1009>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We added follow-up questions for each item that was endorsed to gather additional information (e.g., the perpetrator, age of onset). The VEX-R demonstrates good reliability and has been validated with children as young as second grade (Raviv et al, 1999; Raviv et al, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Emotional Awareness as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism Underlying Psychopathology in Adolescence

Weissman

Nook

Dews

et al. 2020

Clinical Psychological Science

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The ability to identify and label one’s emotions is associated with effective emotion regulation, rendering emotional awareness important for mental health. We evaluated how emotional awareness was related to psychopathology and whether low emotional awareness was a transdiagnostic mechanism explaining the increase in psychopathology during the transition to adolescence and as a function of childhood trauma—specifically, violence exposure. In Study 1, children and adolescents ( N = 120, age range = 7–19 years) reported on emotional awareness and psychopathology. Emotional awareness was negatively associated with psychopathology (p-factor) and worsened across age in females but not males. In Study 2 ( N = 262, age range = 8–16 years), we replicated these findings and demonstrated longitudinally that low emotional awareness mediated increases in p-factor as a function of age in females and violence exposure. These findings indicate that low emotional awareness may be a transdiagnostic mechanism linking adolescent development, sex, and trauma with the emergence of psychopathology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Emotional Awareness as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism Underlying Psychopathology in Adolescence

Weissman

Nook

Dews

et al. 2020

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…We used multiple methods for assessing exposure and severity of childhood adversity (i.e., experiences of trauma, neglect, and food insecurity). Children participated in two interviews with trained staff and reported experiences of maltreatment and exposure to interpersonal violence using the Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview (Bifulco, Brown, & Harris, 1994) and the Violence Exposure Scale for Children–Revised (VEX-R; Raviv et al, 2001; Raviv, Raviv, Shimoni, Fox, & Leavitt, 1999). The CECA assesses experiences with caregivers, including experiences of physical and sexual abuse.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a Likert scale ranging from 0 ( never ) to 3 ( lots of times ), children then rate how often they have either personally experienced or witnessed that particular type of violence (e.g., “How many times has a person pushed or shoved you really hard?” “How many times have you seen a person push or shove another person really hard?”). The VEX-R has demonstrated good reliability and has been validated with children as young as second grade (Raviv et al, 2001; Raviv et al, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward Processing Modulates the Association Between Trauma Exposure and Externalizing Psychopathology

Kasparek

Jenness

McLaughlin

2020

Clinical Psychological Science

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Childhood adversity is common and strongly associated with risk for psychopathology. Identifying factors that buffer children from experiencing psychopathology following adversity is critical for developing more effective intervention approaches. In the present study, we examined several behavioral metrics of reward processing reflecting global approach motivation for reward and the degree to which reward responses scaled with reward value (i.e., behavioral sensitivity to reward value) as potential moderators of the association of multiple dimensions of adversity—including trauma, caregiver neglect, and food insecurity—with depression and externalizing psychopathology in a sample of youths ages 8 to 16 ( n = 132). Trauma exposure and externalizing problems were positively associated at low and moderate levels of reward reactivity, but this association became nonsignificant at high levels of reward reactivity. Our findings extend prior work by demonstrating that high behavioral sensitivity to reward value may buffer against externalizing problems following exposure to trauma.

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“…A total of 121 (59 traumaexposed) of these participants returned for follow-up assessments (M=20.42 months, SD=6.97 months, 82.3% retention rate). (24). A total of 77 children were exposed to CT, and the remaining 70 comprised the control group, never exposed to CT.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Alterations in Neural Networks Supporting Aversive Learning in Children Exposed to Trauma: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Psychopathology

DeCross¹,

Sambrook²,

Sheridan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Altered aversive learning represents a potential mechanism through which childhood trauma (CT) might influence risk for psychopathology. This study examines the temporal dynamics of neural activation and patterns of functional connectivity during aversive learning in children with and without CT, and evaluates whether these neural patterns mediate the association of CT with psychopathology in a longitudinal design. 147 children (aged 8-16 years, 77 with CT) completed a fear conditioning procedure during an fMRI scan. Dynamic patterns of neural activation were examined in whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses; functional connectivity was assessed with generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses. We evaluated whether the associations between CT and psychopathology symptoms at baseline and two-year follow-up were mediated by neural activation and connectivity during aversive learning. Children exposed to trauma displayed blunted patterns of neural activation over time during CS+>CS- in right amygdala and during CS->CS+ in right hippocampus and frontal pole. Additionally, during CS+>CS-, CT was associated with elevated functional connectivity of right amygdala with fronto-parietal regions and reduced connectivity with hippocampus, posterior parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex. The longitudinal association between CT and later externalizing symptoms was mediated by blunted activation in right amygdala and insula. Reduced amygdala-hippocampal connectivity mediated the association of CT with transdiagnostic anxiety symptoms. CT is associated with poor threat-safety discrimination and altered functional coupling between salience and default mode network regions during aversive learning. These altered neural dynamics during learning may be key mechanisms linking CT with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.

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Individual measurement of exposure to everyday violence among elementary schoolchildren across various settings

Cited by 53 publications

References 56 publications

Low Emotional Awareness as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism Underlying Psychopathology in Adolescence

Low Emotional Awareness as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism Underlying Psychopathology in Adolescence

Reward Processing Modulates the Association Between Trauma Exposure and Externalizing Psychopathology

Dynamic Alterations in Neural Networks Supporting Aversive Learning in Children Exposed to Trauma: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Psychopathology

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