“…Both heterosisandhomeostasishave beenstudiedin different organisms, includingtree species and usingdifferent traits and geneticmarkers, such asallozymes(e.g., Ledig et al, 1983;Mitton and Grant, 1984;Strauss, 1986;Bush et al, 1987;Strauss and Libby, 1987;Zouros et al,1988;Jelinski, 1993;Gonzalez-Varo et al, 2012), microsatellitesorso-calledsimple sequence repeats -SSRs (e.g., Abrahamsson et al, 2013;Zgaga et al,2013),as wellas single nucleotide polymorphisms-SNPs (e.g., Govindaraju et al,2009;Chelo and Teotonio, 2013).Correlation of IndHetwith various physiological, morphological and biochemicaltraits ofheterosisandhomeostasis(stable development)wasestimated in these studies.Traits used includedbilateral asymmetry(see Livshits and Kobyliansky, 1991;Parsons, 1992;Leung et al, 2000 for early reviews and more recent Kurbalija et al, 2011;Weisensee, 2013), growth rate (Ledig et al, 1983;Mitton and Grant, 1984;Strauss, 1986;Bush et al, 1987;Strauss and Libby, 1987;Zouros et al, 1988;Jelinski, 1993), and skeletal meristic traits (Zink et al, 1985).…”