Individual variation in dispersal behaviour of newly emerged chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Upper Fraser River, British Columbia

Bradford, Michael J.; Taylor, Garth C.

doi:10.1139/f97-065

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the opposite pattern has also been shown (Bradford and Taylor 1997). This inconsistency may be associated with the methodological challenges in these types of studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natal movement in juvenile Atlantic salmon: a body size‐dependent strategy?

et al. 2011

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If competitive ability depends on body size, then the optimal natal movement from areas of high local population density can also be predicted to be size-dependent. Specifically, small, competitively-inferior individuals would be expected to benefit most from moving to areas of lower local density. Here we evaluate whether individual variation in natal movement following emergence from nests is consistent with such a size-dependent strategy in Atlantic salmon, and whether such a strategy is evident across a range of environmental conditions (principally predator presence and conspecific density). In stream channel experiments, those juveniles that stayed close to nests were larger than those that emigrated. This result was not sensitive to predator presence or conspecific density. These observations were mirrored in natural streams in which salmon eggs were planted in nests and the resulting offspring were sampled at high spatial resolution. A negative relationship was found between juvenile body size and distance from nests early in development whereas in those streams sampled later in ontogeny, individuals that had moved furthest were largest. Thus, movement away from nests appeared to result in a reduced competitive intensity and increased growth rate. The fact that there is ultimately a growth advantage associated with moving suggests that there is also a cost that selects against movement by the larger individuals. Thus, natal movement in juvenile Atlantic salmon appears to represent a body size-dependent strategy.

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“…However, the opposite pattern has also been shown (Bradford and Taylor 1997). This inconsistency may be associated with the methodological challenges in these types of studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natal movement in juvenile Atlantic salmon: a body size‐dependent strategy?

et al. 2011

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“…These outcomes indicate that caution is required when using dispersal channels to infer the dispersal of fishes in the field without proper validation. Previous studies have used similar channels to make inferences about fish dispersal (Raleigh 1971, Northcote andKelso 1981), out-migration (Bradford and Taylor 1997), or invasiveness (Rehage andSih 2004, Cote et al 2010b) in the field, without verification that individual performance in the channel was consistent with the corresponding behavior in the field. Why performance in the dispersal channels was contrary to expectation remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach has been used previously by Raleigh (1971), Northcote and Kelso (1981), and Bradford and Taylor (1997) to investigate dispersal and outmigration of other salmonid fishes, and by Fraser et al (2001) and Rehage and Sih (2004) for dispersal in killifish and mosquitofish respectively. The dispersal channels were arranged side by side in an isolated room in the Hagen Aqualab.…”

Section: Quantification Of Propensity To Disperse In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each dispersal channel consisted of a green 4-m long PVC pipe (37.5 cm radius) cut in half along its length. To track the movement of fish, each dispersal channel was divided into 15 equally sized compartments (26 cm 3 19 cm) labeled 1 to 15 (Bradford and Taylor 1997). The compartments were constructed by inserting dividers made from opaque PVC sheets.…”

Section: Quantification Of Propensity To Disperse In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk taking not foraging behavior predicts dispersal of recently emerged stream brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2013

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Abstract. Several hypotheses predict that individual differences in migration and dispersal are related to individual differences in routine behavior associated with foraging and risk taking. We tested whether short-term dispersal of recently emerged brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis was correlated with differences in activity during prey search in the field (a measure of foraging tactic) or in the time taken to exit a dark tube into an unfamiliar field environment (a measure of risk taking). For one sample of fish, we tested whether an individual's propensity to disperse in a standardized dispersal test in the lab was correlated with its activity during prey search and its exit times in the field. For another sample of marked, released and recaptured fish, we tested whether an individual's minimum displacement distance over 6 days in the field (a measure of dispersal in the field) was related to its propensity to disperse in the lab. For the first sample, an individual's propensity to disperse in the lab was correlated with risk taking only, but, contrary to expectation, individuals with long exit times (risk-avoiders) dispersed farther than those with short exit times (risk-takers). For the second sample, dispersal in the field was also correlated with propensity to disperse in the lab, but, contrary to expectation, individuals with greater displacements in the field displayed lower propensities to disperse in the lab. Our findings demonstrate that individual differences in juvenile dispersal are related to differences in risk taking behavior, but not in foraging tactic, and that the nature of this relationship can depend on environmental context. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that individuals differing in risk taking behavior can contribute disproportionately to ecological processes involving long-distance movement.

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“…Beyond this statistical evidence, there is considerable biological evidence of intrapopulation heterogeneity in movement behaviour of salmonids (e.g. McLaughlin et al 1992;Bradford & Taylor 1997;Brännäs & Eriksson 1999;Steingrímsson & Grant 2003), as well as catfish (Sakaris, Jesien & Pinkney 2005), catostomids (Jeffres et al 2006), cyprinids (Skalski & Gilliam 2000), rivulines (Fraser et al 2001) and sculpins (Petty & Grossman 2004), and many of these studies suggest that individual differences are persistent. Simple models are appealing because they can describe dispersal properties with few parameters and do not require tailoring to system-specific detail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A field test of simple dispersal models as predictors of movement in a cohort of lake‐dwelling brook charr

Coombs

Rodríguez

2006

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary1. Dispersal can be a major determinant of the distribution and abundance of animals, as well as a key mechanism linking behaviour to population dynamics, but progress in understanding dispersal has been hampered by the lack of a general framework for modelling dispersal. 2. This study tested the capacity of simple models to summarize and predict the lake-wide dispersal of an emerging cohort of young-of-the-year brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis , over 12 surveys conducted during a 2-month period. 3. The models are based on two types of dispersal kernel, the normal distribution from a simple diffusion process, and a Laplace distribution depicting exponential decay of the frequency of dispersers away from the point of origin. In all, four models were assessed: one-group diffusion (D1S) and exponential (E1S) models assuming homogeneous dispersal behaviour within the cohort, and two-group diffusion (D2S) and exponential (E2S) models accounting for intrapopulation differences in dispersal between sedentary and mobile individuals. 4. A rigorous cross-validation, based on calibrating the models to the distributions from the first two surveys only and then validating them on the remaining 10 distributions, was used to compare model predictions with observed values for five properties of the dispersal distributions: counts in individual shoreline sections; mean lateral displacement, variance and kurtosis of displacements; and the percentage of long-distance dispersers. 5. Substantial intrapopulation heterogeneity in dispersal behaviour was apparent: 83% of all individuals were estimated to be sedentary and the remainder mobile. Remarkably, the two-group exponential model E2S -calibrated to data from only two surveys conducted 3·5 and 8·5 days after the beginning of emergence -predicted reasonably well all properties of the spatial distribution of the cohort until the end of the study, 7 weeks later. 6. Standardized measures of mobility derived from simple models may lead to better understanding of population dynamics and improved management. Specifically, the ability to accurately predict long-distance dispersal may be critical to assessing population persistence and cohort strength whenever key habitats, such as refugia or productive areas supporting a large proportion of the cohort, are sparsely distributed or distant from the point of origin.

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Individual variation in dispersal behaviour of newly emerged chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Upper Fraser River, British Columbia

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Natal movement in juvenile Atlantic salmon: a body size‐dependent strategy?

Natal movement in juvenile Atlantic salmon: a body size‐dependent strategy?

Risk taking not foraging behavior predicts dispersal of recently emerged stream brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)

A field test of simple dispersal models as predictors of movement in a cohort of lake‐dwelling brook charr

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