Individual Variation in Influenza A Virus Infection Histories and Long-Term Immune Responses in Mallards

Tolf, Conny; Latorre‐Margalef, Neus; Wille, Michelle; Bengtsson, Daniel; Gunnarsson, Gunnar; Grosbois, Vladimir; Hasselquist, Dennis; Olsén, Björn; Elmberg, Johan; Waldenström, Jonas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061201

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition, the development of partial protection against other strains, defined as heterosubtypic or cross-protective immunity, may also occur [40,[42][43][44][45]. This seems to be true for sentinel mallards in nature [46]. Recently, we showed that this study population develops homo-and heterosubtypic immunity from natural infections [20], and that the heterosubtypic immunity at the HA clade level persists for at least a month.…”

Section: (B) What Is Governing the Seasonal Trends In Influenzamentioning

confidence: 63%

Long-term variation in influenza A virus prevalence and subtype diversity in migratory mallards in northern Europe

et al. 2014

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Data on long-term circulation of pathogens in wildlife populations are seldom collected, and hence understanding of spatial-temporal variation in prevalence and genotypes is limited. Here, we analysed a long-term surveillance series on influenza A virus (IAV) in mallards collected at an important migratory stopover site from 2002 to 2010, and characterized seasonal dynamics in virus prevalence and subtype diversity. Prevalence dynamics were influenced by year, but retained a common pattern for all years whereby prevalence was low in spring and summer, but increased in early autumn with a first peak in August, and a second more pronounced peak during October-November. A total of 74 haemagglutinin (HA)/neuraminidase (NA) combinations were isolated, including all NA and most HA (H1-H12) subtypes. The most common subtype combinations were H4N6, H1N1, H2N3, H5N2, H6N2 and H11N9, and showed a clear linkage between specific HA and NA subtypes. Furthermore, there was a temporal structuring of subtypes within seasons based on HA phylogenetic relatedness. Dissimilar HA subtypes tended to have different temporal occurrence within seasons, where the subtypes that dominated in early autumn were rare in late autumn, and vice versa. This suggests that build-up of herd immunity affected IAV dynamics in this system.

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Section: (B) What Is Governing the Seasonal Trends In Influenzamentioning

confidence: 63%

Long-term variation in influenza A virus prevalence and subtype diversity in migratory mallards in northern Europe

et al. 2014

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“…6% prevalence) [27]. Experimental evidence in mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) suggests that birds are infected with approximately half of all HA types (6/11) circulating in the population within the first 2 years of life [33]. On average, the AIV prevalence in swans is thought to be considerably lower than the prevalence found in wild mallards [15,49], so it is plausible that the number of infections with different HA types per swan per year is also lower than in mallards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses to avian influenza viruses in wild birds broaden with age

et al. 2016

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For viruses such as avian influenza, immunity within a host population can drive the emergence of new strains by selecting for viruses with novel antigens that avoid immune recognition. The accumulation of acquired immunity with age is hypothesized to affect how influenza viruses emerge and spread in species of different lifespans. Despite its importance for understanding the behaviour of avian influenza viruses, little is known about age-related accumulation of immunity in the virus's primary reservoir, wild birds. To address this, we studied the age structure of immune responses to avian influenza virus in a wild swan population (Cygnus olor), before and after the population experienced an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in 2008. We performed haemagglutination inhibition assays on sampled sera for five avian influenza strains and show that breadth of response accumulates with age. The observed age-related distribution of antibody responses to avian influenza strains may explain the age-dependent mortality observed during the highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak. Age structures and species lifespan are probably important determinants of viral epidemiology and virulence in birds.

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“…Because of their importance for poultry, efficient vaccines are available or can be developed against several of these agents. The temporal dynamics and the efficacy of the humoral immune response of chickens to these vaccines can vary greatly (e.g., Walker et al 2010), but very little is known about the dynamics of the humoral immune response in long-lived bird species (Bailey et al 1998;Momayez et al 2007;Garnier et al 2012b;Tolf et al 2013). For instance, whether the long persistence of maternal antibodies reported in a long-lived seabird species (Garnier et al 2012b) is associated with the persistence of high antibody levels in adults would be of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Antibody Persistence and Transgenerational Transfer of Immunity in a Long-Lived Vertebrate

Ramos

Garnier

González‐Solís

et al. 2014

The American Naturalist

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. abstract: Although little studied in natural populations, the persistence of immunoglobulins may dramatically affect the dynamics of immunity and the ecology and evolution of host-pathogen interactions involving vertebrate hosts. By means of a multiple-year vaccination design against Newcastle disease virus, we experimentally addressed whether levels of specific antibodies can persist over several years in females of a long-lived procellariiform seabird-Cory's shearwater-and whether maternal antibodies against that antigen could persist over a long period in offspring several years after the mother was exposed. We found that a single vaccination led to high levels of antibodies for several years and that the females transmitted antibodies to their offspring that persisted for several weeks after hatching even 5 years after a single vaccination. The temporal persistence of maternally transferred antibodies in nestlings was highly dependent on the level at hatching. A second vaccination boosted efficiently the level of antibodies in females and thus their transfer to offspring. Overall, these results stress the need to consider the temporal dynamics of immune responses if we are to understand the evolutionary ecology of host-parasite interactions and trade-offs between immunity and other life-history characteristics, in particular in long-lived species. They also have strong implications for conservation when vaccination may be used in natural populations facing disease threats.

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Individual Variation in Influenza A Virus Infection Histories and Long-Term Immune Responses in Mallards

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Long-term variation in influenza A virus prevalence and subtype diversity in migratory mallards in northern Europe

Long-term variation in influenza A virus prevalence and subtype diversity in migratory mallards in northern Europe

Antibody responses to avian influenza viruses in wild birds broaden with age

Long Antibody Persistence and Transgenerational Transfer of Immunity in a Long-Lived Vertebrate

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