Individual variation in pheromone composition in Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): how valid is the basis for designating “pheromone strains”?

Ryan, Marissa; Moore, Christopher; Walter, Gimme H.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(94)00257-u

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These findings suggest that the pheromone component ratio emitted by males may differ according to age; however, the amount of pheromone present in the extract is not directly comparable to the actual amount of pheromone released by live males. In addition, marked variation in the pheromone component ratio among individuals of the same population has been reported for the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Ryan et al, 1995); therefore, we need to investigate the actual emission of pheromone from males to clarify whether the pheromone component ratio changes with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible function of Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) male pheromone: Effects of adult age and diapause on sexual maturity and pheromone production

Endo

Yasuda

Matsukur

et al. 2007

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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To estimate the biological function of the male-produced pheromone of Piezodorus hybneri, we investigated the relationship between sexual maturity and pheromone production. Copulation was first observed at day 4 after emergence of males. The males showed high mating activity between days 5 and 15. Development of the ectodermal accessory gland (EAG) was also investigated as an indicator of male sexual maturity. The EAG, which was entirely immature at adult emergence, developed gradually between days 3 and 10. Males started to produce pheromones at days 3 to 5 after adult emergence, and production became maximal at days 5 to 10, remaining at a high level until day 30. No pheromone components were detected in any diapause males, which showed neither mating behavior nor EAG development. These results indicate that P. hybneri males produce their pheromone simultaneously with the development of sexual maturity, and thus the function of this pheromone seems to be related to sexual behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible function of Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) male pheromone: Effects of adult age and diapause on sexual maturity and pheromone production

Endo

Yasuda

Matsukur

et al. 2007

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…Synthetic pheromones were tested in different ratios of cis to trans isomers. High inter-individual variation in pheromone composition has been reported [35]. The difference in pheromone composition between populations is reflected in the different ratios of trans to cis isomers of (Z)-α-bisabolen epoxide (BAE) [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of signals of different modalities in initiating vibratory communication in Nezara viridula

Zgonik

Čokl

2013

Open Life Sciences

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Signals of different modalities are involved in the behaviour of the green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Pentatomidae, Heteroptera). Long range attraction is mediated by male pheromones, resulting in aggregation of bugs on the same plant where vibratory signals, vision and various chemical signals become important. Both males and females sing spontaneously. When both are on the plant, males start vibratory communication as often as females. Females induce the exchange of vibratory signals spontaneously or triggered by the male pheromone while males initiate the duet either spontaneously or after seeing the female. Males and females sing spontaneously and respond to signals of different modalities more often in the daylight than in the dark. Long lasting autonomous emission of the female calling song is present when triggered by the male pheromone and males respond to female calling predominantly by the emission of the courtship song.

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“…These results suggest that E2-6:E2Hx and E2-6:Z3Hx have a different function from 14:iBu in the attraction of conspecific individuals of R. pedestris. In the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), individual variation was observed in the ratio of bisabolene epoxide isomers in the maleproduced pheromone and it is concluded that further behavioral investigations are needed to ascertain the functional significance to the mating system of the components that make up the pheromone blend (Ryan et al, 1995). In R. pedestris, further observations are also necessary to understand the real roles of E2-6:E2Hx and E2-635 Individual Variation in Attractiveness of R. pedestris Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in the amounts of pheromone components in the male bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae) and its attractiveness to the same species

Mizutani

Yasuda

Yamaguchi

et al. 2007

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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The individual variation of R. pedestris males and females in their attractiveness to the same species and the amounts of five pheromone components were examined in field experiments and GC-MS analysis, respectively. The number of adults attracted by a single male varied greatly among the individuals tested. The number of adults attracted was 0.92Ϯ0.12 (meanϮSE/day). Of 64 males examined individually, four attracted three or more adults per day, while 12 males attracted only 0.5 adults or fewer per day and 14 individuals attracted no adults. The five pheromone components also differed greatly among those males. As for tetradecyl isobutyrate (14:iBu), which is thought to be an essential component of the pheromone, it was apparently detected from 46 males while eight had only a low amount of 14:iBu and ten had no 14:iBu. Some of the males had 14:iBu without having (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate (E2-6:E2Hx) and (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate (E2-6:Z3Hx), which are synergistic components of the pheromone, and the rest had E2-6:E2Hx and/or E2-6:Z3Hx without having 14:iBu. The amount of 14:iBu or octadecyl isobutyrate (the fourth pheromone component) showed a positive and significant co-relationship with the number of attracted adults. Males with a well-developed fat-body tended to have more 14:iBu and to attract more adults than those with an undeveloped fat-body. Most of the females tested individually did not attract conspecific adults, and had only (E)-2-hexenyl hexanoate, the fifth component of the pheromone.

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Individual variation in pheromone composition in Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): how valid is the basis for designating “pheromone strains”?

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Possible function of Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) male pheromone: Effects of adult age and diapause on sexual maturity and pheromone production

Possible function of Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) male pheromone: Effects of adult age and diapause on sexual maturity and pheromone production

The role of signals of different modalities in initiating vibratory communication in Nezara viridula

Individual variation in the amounts of pheromone components in the male bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae) and its attractiveness to the same species

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