Individualized brain mapping for navigated neuromodulation

Abstract

The brain is a complex organ that requires precise mapping to understand its structure and function. Brain atlases provide a powerful tool for studying brain circuits, discovering biological markers for early diagnosis, and developing personalized treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuromodulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, have revolutionized clinical therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the lack of fine-scale brain atlases limits the precision and effectiveness of these techniques. Advances in neuroimaging and machine learning techniques have led to the emergence of stereotactic-assisted neurosurgery and navigation systems. Still, the individual variability among patients and the diversity of brain diseases make it necessary to develop personalized solutions. The article provides an overview of recent advances in individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation and discusses the methodological profiles, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of these techniques. The article concludes by posing open questions about the future development of individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation.

The importance of brain mapping for rehabilitation in birth nonprogressive neuromuscular diseases

“…The latter requires an understanding of neurophysiology to develop effective protocols. Neuromodulation therapy employs this understanding to qualify the personalized protocol with stimulations of a certain mode (facilitating or inhibiting) delivered at a precise site in the cortex to fulfill rehabilitation needs (Gao et al, 2024 ). On the one hand, such customized protocols can manage maladaptive neuroplasticity and, on the other hand, govern the formation of new, desirable neuronal pathways after surgical treatment.…”