Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder show larger preferred social distance in live dyadic interactions

Fineberg, Sarah K.; Leavitt, Jacob; Landry, Christopher D.; Neustadter, Eli; Lesser, Rebecca; Stahl, Dylan; Deutsch‐Link, Sasha; Corlett, Philip R.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.054

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Alterations in body plasticity may also inform our understanding of interpersonal difficulties in the condition. BPD is associated with a two-fold increase in preferred interpersonal distance in live dyadic contexts compared to healthy controls, suggesting alteration in embodied peri-personal space [21]. Given the theoretical links between interoception, emotion, and theory of mind [46], targeting body awareness (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induced illusory body ownership in Borderline Personality Disorder

Neustadter

Fineberg

Leavitt

et al. 2019

Preprint

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word count: 261 34 35 Main Text Word Count: 5512 Abstract 46Background: One aspect of selfhood that may have relevance for Borderline Personality 47 Disorder (BPD) is variation in sense of body ownership. We employed the rubber hand illusion 48 (RHI) to manipulate sense of body ownership in BPD. We extended previous research on 49 illusory body ownership in BPD by testing: 1) two illusion conditions: asynchronous & 50 synchronous stimulation, 2) relationship between Illusion experience and core BPD symptoms, 51 and 3) relationship between illusion experience maladaptive personality traits. 53Methods: Participants (24 BPD, 21 control) underwent RHI procedures. We measured illusion 54 strength (questionnaire responses), proprioceptive drift (perceived shift in physical hand 55 position), BPD symptoms (DIB-R score), and maladaptive personality traits (PID-5). 57Results: For subjective illusion strength, we found a main effect of group (BPD > HC, F = 11.94 58 p = 0.001), and condition (synchronous > asynchronous, F(1,43) = 22.80, p < 0.001). There was 59 a group x condition interaction for proprioceptive drift (F(1,43) = 6.48, p = 0.015) such that 60 people with BPD maintained illusion susceptibility in the asynchronous condition. Borderline 61 symptom severity correlated with illusion strength within the BPD group, and this effect was 62 specific to affective symptoms (r = 0.481, p < 0.01). Across all participants, trait psychoticism 63 correlated with illusion strength (r = 0.481, p <0.01). 65Conclusion: People with BPD are more susceptible to illusory body ownership than are healthy 66 controls. This result is consistent with the robust clinical literature describing aberrant physical 67 and emotional experience of self in BPD. A predictive coding interpretation of these results 68 holds promise to develop testable mechanistic hypotheses for experiences of disrupted bodily 69 self in BPD. 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 3 1. Introduction 80 1.1. The embodied self in Borderline Personality Disorder 81 1.1.1. Self-disturbance is a core feature of BPD 82 Aberrations of self-experience and identity are considered a core symptoms of 83 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) [1]. Self-disturbance is characterized by a markedly 84 persistent unstable sense of self that can be realized by dramatic shifts in self-image, shifting 85 goals and values, and feelings of emptiness, dissociation, and non-existence [2, 3]. These 86 experiences are distressing and dangerous; in a qualitative study, Brown et al. [4] found that 87 more than 50% of women with BPD and history of self-harm endorsed disturbances in self-88 experience, such as emptiness, numbness, or feeling dead, as reasons for non-suicidal self-89 injury . 90 91 1.1.2. Bodily experience is disrupted in BPD 92 One aspect of selfhood that may have relevance for pathologies of self in BPD is the experience 93 of body ownership. Indeed, abnormal bodily experiences in BPD are common, including bodily 94 dissociation [5], altered pain perception [6],and deficits in interoception...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results for this study were collected as part of a larger battery of experimental tasks. Results from those tasks as well as the recruitment strategy for these participants are described in detail elsewhere [21,22].…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced illusory body ownership in Borderline Personality Disorder

Neustadter

Fineberg

Leavitt

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced illusory body ownership in borderline personality disorder

Neustadter

Fineberg

Leavitt

et al. 2019

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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One aspect of selfhood that may have relevance for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is variation in sense of body ownership. We employed the rubber hand illusion to manipulate sense of body ownership in BPD. We extended previous research on illusory body ownership in BPD by testing: (i) two illusion conditions: asynchronous and synchronous stimulation, (ii) relationship between illusion experience and BPD symptoms, and (iii) relationship between illusion experience and maladaptive personality traits. We measured illusion strength (questionnaire responses), proprioceptive drift (perceived shift in physical hand position), BPD symptoms (Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines score), and maladaptive personality traits (Personality Inventory for DSM-5) in 24 BPD and 21 control participants. For subjective illusion strength, we found main effects of group (BPD > healthy control, F(1, 43) = 11.94, P = 0.001) and condition (synchronous > asynchronous, F(1, 43) = 22.80, P < 0.001). There was a group × condition interaction for proprioceptive drift (F(1, 43) = 6.48, P = 0.015) such that people with BPD maintained illusion susceptibility in the asynchronous condition. Borderline symptom severity correlated with illusion strength within the BPD group, and this effect was specific to affective (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) and cognitive symptoms (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). Across all participants, trait psychoticism correlated with illusion strength (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). People with BPD are more susceptible to illusory body ownership than controls. This is consistent with the clinical literature describing aberrant physical and emotional experiences of self in BPD. A predictive coding framework holds promise to develop testable mechanistic hypotheses for disrupted bodily self in BPD.

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“…However, the EDI‐2 is a well‐validated questionnaire that is often used as a screener for ED psychopathology (Segura‐Garcia et al, ). Also, social anxiety disorder (Rinck et al, ; Swinbourne et al, ) or personality disorders (Fineberg et al, ; Schienle, Wabnegger, Schongassner, & Leutgeb, ) were not monitored. They might have contributed to the finding of larger IPD in EDs as compared to CG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note, however, that this could not explain the change in the effect of Avatar weight on IPD between samples. Note also that we did screen for depression in the CG but not for other personal characteristics such as sexual orientation (Uzzell & Horne, ) or experienced trauma (Bogovic, Ivezic, & Filipcic, ; Fineberg et al, ; Maier et al, ), which could have influenced IPD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body image avoidance affects interpersonal distance perception: A virtual environment experiment

Welsch

Hecht

Kolar

et al. 2019

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Objective: Eating disorders have a considerable influence on social contacts. The avoidance towards the own body may result in the avoidance of others.Previous research has found a preference for larger interaction distances in individuals with eating disorders (ED) as compared to control participants (CG). We aimed to replicate these findings and to investigate whether the body weight of the interactant moderates the effect. Method:We recruited a female sample with mixed ED subtypes (n = 21) and a female CG (n = 28). Participants were immersed in a virtual environment and engaged in a number of fictitious social interactions. They approached a virtual person until a comfortable distance for interaction was reached. The approached virtual persons differed with respect to body weight in five levels (underweight to obese). Results:Our results indicate that interpersonal distance varies as a U-shaped function of the avatar's body weight, and that higher levels of body avoidance, present in ED individuals, magnify this effect. Conclusions: We discuss our results with regard to the role of perspective and disgust to provide a useful framework and to motivate future studies in the domain of body avoidance in social interactions. Highlights• We immersed individuals with eating disorders into a virtual environment and presented virtual people of different body weights • Individuals with eating disorders maintain a larger interpersonal distance compared to healthy controls and underweight and obese virtual people evoke larger distances than normal-weighted virtual people • It seems that this effect is attenuated in individuals with eating disorders, probably due to avoidance of their own body K E Y W O R D S eating disorder, body image, interpersonal distance, virtual reality

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Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder show larger preferred social distance in live dyadic interactions

Cited by 21 publications

References 65 publications

Induced illusory body ownership in Borderline Personality Disorder

Induced illusory body ownership in Borderline Personality Disorder

Induced illusory body ownership in borderline personality disorder

Body image avoidance affects interpersonal distance perception: A virtual environment experiment

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