Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have additional immune dysfunction compared with obese individuals who are metabolically healthy

Richard, Caroline; Wadowski, Michael C.; Goruk, Susan; Cameron, Lisa; Sharma, Arya M.; Field, Catherine J.

doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000379

Cited by 141 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

122

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This unfavorable hormone milieu also leads to a dysregulation of the immune response and can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications [8]. In the basal state, obese patients have a higher concentration of several pro-inflammatory cytokines like alpha-TNF, MCP-1 and IL-6, mainly produced by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue leading to a defect in the innate immunity [9]. When an antigen is presented, the obesity-related chronic inflammation causes a reduced macrophage activation and a blunted pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon macrophage stimulation [10].…”

Section: Why Do Obese Patients Present a Worse Clinical Picture Thanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims Analyze the relationship between obesity and influenza. Methods Basal hormone milieu, defective response of both innate and adaptive immune system and sedentariness are major determinants in the severity of influenza viral infection in obese patients. Being overweight not only increases the risk of infection and of complications for the single obese person, but a large prevalence of obese individuals within the population might increase the chance of appearance of more virulent viral strain, prolongs the virus shedding throughout the total population and eventually might increase overall mortality rate of an influenza pandemic. Results Waiting for the development of a vaccination against COVID-19, isolation of positive cases and social distancing are the primary interventions. Nonetheless, evidence from previous influenza pandemics suggests the following interventions aimed at improving immune response: (1) lose weight with a mild caloric restriction; (2) include AMPK activators and PPAR gamma activators in the drug treatment for obesity associated with diabetes; and (3) practice mild-to-moderate physical exercise. Conclusions Due to prolonged viral shedding, quarantine in obese subjects should likely be longer than normal weight individuals.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

show abstract

Section: Why Do Obese Patients Present a Worse Clinical Picture Thanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mechanisms underlying shifts in T-cells trafficking to the GALT, mesenteric lymph nodes, and intestine in response to enteric antigens have been implicated in the onset of chronic gut inflammation [77]. More interestingly, subjects with obesity and T2D displayed higher proportions of cytotoxic T-cells, activated T-helper cells and an impaired neutrophils function and T-cell response on challenge despite increased expression of activation markers [78]. This has been suggested as a possible mechanism responsible for increased prevalence of infection in subjects with T2D [79].…”

Section: Lymph Nodes and Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Permeability, and Tissue Bacteria in Metabolic Disease: Perpetrators or Bystanders?

Chakaroun¹,

Massier²,

Kovacs³

2020

Nutrients

194

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The emerging evidence on the interconnectedness between the gut microbiome and host metabolism has led to a paradigm shift in the study of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes with implications on both underlying pathophysiology and potential treatment. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence of gut microbiota shifts, increased intestinal permeability in metabolic disease, and the critical positioning of the intestinal barrier at the interface between environment and internal milieu have led to the rekindling of the “leaky gut” concept. Although increased circulation of surrogate markers and directly measurable intestinal permeability have been linked to increased systemic inflammation in metabolic disease, mechanistic models behind this phenomenon are underdeveloped. Given repeated observations of microorganisms in several tissues with congruent phylogenetic findings, we review current evidence on these unanticipated niches, focusing specifically on the interaction between gut permeability and intestinal as well as extra-intestinal bacteria and their joint contributions to systemic inflammation and metabolism. We further address limitations of current studies and suggest strategies drawing on standard techniques for permeability measurement, recent advancements in microbial culture independent techniques and computational methodologies to robustly develop these concepts, which may be of considerable value for the development of prevention and treatment strategies.

show abstract

“…[4][5][6][7] Patients with obesity constantly have higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels, as well as they have higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 produced mainly by adipose tissue, which may contribute to the impaired immune response. 8,9 These conditions may influence inflammatory and immune responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity is a risk factor for developing critical condition in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The disease course of COVID‐19 varies from asymptomatic infection to critical condition leading to mortality. Identification of prognostic factors is important for prevention and early treatment. We aimed to examine whether obesity is a risk factor for the critical condition in COVID‐19 patients by performing a meta‐analysis. The review protocol was registered onto PROSPERO (CRD42020185980). A systematic search was performed in five scientific databases between 1 January and 11 May 2020. After selection, 24 retrospective cohort studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. We calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in meta‐analysis. Obesity was a significant risk factor for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in a homogenous dataset (OR = 1.21, CI: 1.002‐1.46; I2 = 0.0%) as well as for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR = 2.05, CI: 1.16‐3.64; I2 = 34.86%) in COVID‐19. Comparing body mass index (BMI) classes with each other, we found that a higher BMI always carries a higher risk. Obesity may serve as a clinical predictor for adverse outcomes; therefore, the inclusion of BMI in prognostic scores and improvement of guidelines for the intensive care of patients with elevated BMI are highly recommended.

show abstract

Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have additional immune dysfunction compared with obese individuals who are metabolically healthy

Cited by 141 publications

References 36 publications

Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic

Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic

Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Permeability, and Tissue Bacteria in Metabolic Disease: Perpetrators or Bystanders?

Obesity is a risk factor for developing critical condition in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About