“…Holtsch and Eberle, 2016;Jüttler and Schumann, 2016;Walstad et al, 2013;Wuttke et al, 2016;Yoo, 2007) or tertiary education (e.g. Förster et al, 2015a;Förster et al, 2015b;Förster et al, 2016;Happ and Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, 2021;Schlax et al, 2020). The few exceptions to this consider only the formal prior economic education of first-year economics students (e.g., Happ et al, 2016a;Happ et al, 2016b;Happ et al, 2018), which is supposed to serve as a proxy for prior economic knowledge.…”