“…IDO1 is associated with many disorders of immune function, including cancer, HBV infection, allergy, and autoimmune diseases (Ito et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2018;Heidari et al, 2022). Inhibition of IDO1 expression can induce immune-mediated liver injury (Affolter et al, 2019), but it has also been shown that IDO1 deficiency or inhibition can weaken acetaminophen or concanavalin A-induced liver injury (Li et al, 2021b). ICAM1, a cell surface glycoprotein and adhesion receptor, is expressed at a low basic level in immune, endothelial, and epithelial cells, but upregulated in Frontiers in Chemistry frontiersin.org response to inflammatory stimulation, which promotes the recruitment and activation of white blood cells from circulation to inflammatory sites (Bui et al, 2020), playing an important role in the progress of diseases including tumors, hepatitis, colitis, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (Chen et al, 2013;Hoke et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2015;West et al, 2017).…”