Indonesia's Historical Earthquakes: Modelled examples for improving the national hazard map

Nguyen, Ngoc Duc; Griffin, Jonathan; Cipta, Athanasius; Cummins, P. R.

doi:10.11636/record.2015.023

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Half a century later, on 1834 October 10, an M w 7.0 earthquake was associated with seismic intensity considered to be the highest to strike the region (Musson 2012). With 30 million people inhabiting Greater Jakarta, the fatality count could be very high should any of these historical events re-occur today (Nguyen et al 2015).…”

Section: G E O T E C T O N I C S E T T I N G a N D H I S T O R I C A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic velocity structure of the Jakarta Basin, Indonesia, using trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios

Cipta

Cummins

Dettmer

et al. 2018

Geophysical Journal International

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Characterizing the interior structure of the Jakarta Basin, Indonesia, is important for the improvement of seismic hazard assessment there. A dense-portable seismic broad-band network, comprising 96 stations, has been operated between October 2013 and February 2014 covering the city of Jakarta. The seismic network sampled broad-band seismic noise mostly originating from ocean waves and anthropogenic activity. We used horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) measurements of the ambient seismic noise to estimate fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves, which were used to infer the seismic velocity structure of the Jakarta Basin. By mapping and modelling the spatial variation of low-frequency (0.124-0.249 Hz) HVSR peaks, this study reveals variations in the depth to the Miocene basement. These variations include a sudden change of basement depth from 500 to 1000 m along N-S profile through the centre of the city, with an otherwise gentle increase in basin depth from south to north. Higher frequency (2-4 Hz) HVSR peaks appear to reflect complicated structure in the top 100 m of the soil profile, possibly related to the sediment compaction and transitions among different sedimentary sequences. In order to map these velocity profiles of unknown complexity, we employ a trans-dimensional Bayesian framework for the inversion of HVSR curves for 1-D profiles of velocity and density beneath each station. Results show that very low-velocity sediments (<240 m s −1) up to 100 m in depth cover the city in the northern to central part, where alluvial fan material is deposited. These low seismic velocities and the very thick sediments in the Jakarta Basin will potentially contribute to seismic amplification and basin resonance, especially during giant megathrust earthquakes or large earthquakes with epicentres close to Jakarta. Results have shown good correlation with previous ambient seismic noise tomography and microtremor studies. We use the 1-D profiles to create a pseudo-3-D model of the basin structure which can be used for earthquake hazard analyses of Jakarta, a megacity in which highly variable construction practices may give rise to high vulnerability. The methodology discussed can be applied to any other populated city situated in a thick sedimentary basin.

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Section: G E O T E C T O N I C S E T T I N G a N D H I S T O R I C A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic velocity structure of the Jakarta Basin, Indonesia, using trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios

Cipta

Cummins

Dettmer

et al. 2018

Geophysical Journal International

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“…The basin model of Cipta et al [13] will be used as the computational domain for the SPECFEM2D code. Three scenarios that each pose a credible risk to Jakarta are chosen by referring to Nguyen et al [19]. In this study, waves originating from a megathrust event (M w 9.0) propagate from 1002 source points through 5-layer domain model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basin Resonance and Seismic Hazard in Jakarta, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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Abstract:We use earthquake ground motion modelling via Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) and numerical simulation of seismic waves to consider the effects of site amplification and basin resonance in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. While spectral accelerations at short periods are sensitive to near-surface conditions (i.e., V S30 , average shear-wave velocity at topmost 30 m of soil), our results suggest that, for basins as deep as Jakarta's, available GMPEs cannot be relied on to accurately estimate the effect of basin depth on ground motions at long periods (>3 s). Amplitudes at such long periods are influenced by trapping of seismic waves in the basin, resulting in longer duration of strong ground motion, and interference between incoming and reflected waves as well as focusing at basin edges may amplify seismic waves. In order to simulate such phenomena in detail, a basin model derived from a previous study is used as a computational domain for deterministic earthquake scenario modeling in a 2-dimensional cross-section. A M w 9.0 megathrust, a M w 6.5 crustal thrust and a M w 7.0 intraslab earthquake are chosen as scenario events that pose credible threats to Jakarta, and the interactions with the basin of seismic waves generated by these events were simulated. The highest long-period PGVs amplifications are recorded at sites near the middle of the basin and near its southern edge, with maximum amplifications of PGV in the horizontal component of 726% for the crustal, 1500% for the megathrust and 1125% for the deep intraslab earthquake scenario, respectively. We find that the levels of response spectral acceleration fall below those of the 2012 Indonesian building Codes's design response spectra for short periods (<1 s), but closely approach or may even exceed these levels for longer periods.

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“…It is also of importance to plan rural land use to minimize coastal hazards (eg tsunami impacts). This is a part of a mitigation strategy intended for the protection of coastal areas instrumental in the conservation of coastal resources and rescuing people living in that location (Nguyen, Griffin, Cipta, & Cummins, 2015). In addition, the development of coastal forests and coastline belt is also crucial for tsunami mitigation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Institution on Responding Disasters in Palu of Indonesia

Wekke¹,

Rajindra²,

Pushpalal³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The earthquakes that occur in the Indonesia are caused by several primary factors such as the tectonic plate shifts which lead to the increased activity of earthquakes and volcanoes. Moreover, the geological condition and the rock structure of swathes of Indonesia constitute the secondary factor that contributes to the danger of the disaster in Indonesia. Various disasters having occurred in the last 2 years are summarized in this article. This study was aimed to provide information concerning the history as well as attempts to cope with disasters and impacts on society following the disasters in Indonesia. The qualitative case study methodology was selected along with sources derived from various community groups as well as governmental agencies such as BNPB (The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure) and BMKG (Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency) that serve as a reference in this study. The results of the study delineated that the community’s response to the natural disasters led to increased security mitigation efforts made by the community and the government. In addition, it affected social relationship between communities in a positive manner evidenced by participation in helping with the post-disaster recovery.

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Indonesia's Historical Earthquakes: Modelled examples for improving the national hazard map

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Seismic velocity structure of the Jakarta Basin, Indonesia, using trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios

Seismic velocity structure of the Jakarta Basin, Indonesia, using trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios

Basin Resonance and Seismic Hazard in Jakarta, Indonesia

Educational Institution on Responding Disasters in Palu of Indonesia

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