Indonesia's threatened birds: over 500 million years of evolutionary heritage at risk

Mooers, A. Ø.; Atkins, Rosemary

doi:10.1017/s1367943003003226

Cited by 31 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some recent studies (e.g. [33,34]) have instead used Phylogenetic Diversity as an alternative measure of biodiversity. Phylogenetic diversity is suitable for some applications, such as identifying biodiversity hotspots [35], but not in most macroecology.…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic inflation: its influence on macroecology and conservation

Isaac

Mallet

Mace

2004

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

715

602

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Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic inflation: its influence on macroecology and conservation

Isaac

Mallet

Mace

2004

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

715

602

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“…By contrast, reciprocally monophyletic groups often take tens of thousands of years to evolve. Hence, restoration of historical groups would take much longer than restoration of the phenotypic variation characteristic of subspecies (Mooers & Atkins 2003). Preservation of reciprocally monophyletic groups will preserve both significant bouts of independent history and adaptive phenotypic variation included in such groups (Crnokrak & Merila 2002).…”

Section: (A) Subspecies and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of subspecies in obscuring avian biological diversity and misleading conservation policy

Zink

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

457

423

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Subspecies are often used in ways that require their evolutionary independence, for example as proxies for units of conservation. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data reveal that 97% of continentally distributed avian subspecies lack the population genetic structure indicative of a distinct evolutionary unit. Subspecies considered threatened or endangered, some of which have been targets of expensive restoration efforts, also generally lack genetic distinctiveness. Although sequence data show that species include 1.9 historically significant units on average, these units are not reflected by current subspecies nomenclature. Yet, it is these unnamed units and not named subspecies that should play a major role in guiding conservation efforts and in identifying biological diversity. Thus, a massive reorganization of classifications is required so that the lowest ranks, be they species or subspecies, reflect evolutionary diversity. Until such reorganization is accomplished, the subspecies rank will continue to hinder progress in taxonomy, evolutionary studies and especially conservation.

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“…We ameliorated this problem by reducing ages of terminal polytomies using the correction suggested by Nee in ref. 28 and by assuming that the descendants from each polytomy diversified under a Yule process (29). Fig.…”

Section: A Snapshot Of Mammalian Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic trees and the future of mammalian biodiversity

Davies

Fritz²,

Grenyer

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

136

161

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Phylogenies describe the origins and history of species. However, they can also help to predict species' fates and so can be useful tools for managing the future of biodiversity. This article starts by sketching how phylogenetic, geographic, and trait information can be combined to elucidate present mammalian diversity patterns and how they arose. Recent diversification rates and standing diversity show different geographic patterns, indicating that cradles of diversity have moved over time. Patterns in extinction risk reflect both biological differences among mammalian lineages and differences in threat intensity among regions. Phylogenetic comparative analyses indicate that for small-bodied mammals, extinction risk is governed mostly by where the species live and the intensity of the threats, whereas for large-bodied mammals, ecological differences also play an important role. This modeling approach identifies species whose intrinsic biology renders them particularly vulnerable to increased human pressure. We outline how the approach might be extended to consider future trends in anthropogenic drivers, to identify likely future battlegrounds of mammalian conservation, and the likely casualties. This framework could help to highlight consequences of choosing among different future climatic and socioeconomic scenarios. We end by discussing priority-setting, showing how alternative currencies for diversity can suggest very different priorities. We argue that aiming to maximize long-term evolutionary responses is inappropriate, that conservation planning needs to consider costs as well as benefits, and that proactive conservation of largely intact systems should be part of a balanced strategy. extinction risk ͉ latent risk ͉ mammals T he Tree of Life-phylogeny-is a powerful metaphor for life's diversity, showing all species, including our own, as part of an interrelated whole. But phylogeny is more than a metaphor. It is also a research tool-the result of evolutionary processes integrated over the history of life, it can be analyzed for insights into how those processes have shaped today's biota (1). This approach is becoming increasingly powerful as the trees become ever more inclusive, built from rapidly accumulating databases using methods that continue to be improved (2, 3).Species' histories are of interest, but their futures are of more pressing concern. The Tree of Life is currently under sustained attack, as people increasingly dominate landscapes (4). Comparisons of extinction rates between today and geological history are difficult for many reasons (5), but the Tree of Life is already being pruned more quickly than it is growing (6), and extinction rates are projected to rise by at least another order of magnitude over the next centuries (7). This article describes how phylogeny has a role to play in understanding the pattern of survivors and casualties and how it can help us both to predict species' futures and to estimate some of the biodiversity value that would be lost if they went extinct.We focus o...

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Indonesia's threatened birds: over 500 million years of evolutionary heritage at risk

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Taxonomic inflation: its influence on macroecology and conservation

Taxonomic inflation: its influence on macroecology and conservation

The role of subspecies in obscuring avian biological diversity and misleading conservation policy

Phylogenetic trees and the future of mammalian biodiversity

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