“…The impact on crop production, particularly rice, has been the subject of the majority of climate impact studies (Caruso et al, 2016;D'Arrigo et al, 2011;D'Arrigo and Wilson, 2008;Kawanishi and Mimura, 2015;Keil et al, 2009;Naylor et al, 2001;Sano et al, 2013;Shofiyati et al, 2014), which is strongly associated with droughts (Aldrian and Djamil, 2008;D'Arrigo and Smerdon, 2008;D'Arrigo and Wilson, 2008;D'Arrigo et al, 2006;Keil et al, 2008Keil et al, , 2009. A high number link droughts (Salafsky, 1994;D'Arrigo et al, 2006;D'Arrigo and Smerdon, 2008;Shofiyati et al, 2014) and forest fire (Usman and Hartono, 1997;Fang and Huang, 1998;Brauer and Hisham-Hashim, 1998;Jim, 1999;Stolle and Tomich, 1999;Stolle and Lambin, 2003). Studies on water are related to impacts of climate change on ocean circulation , water availability and quality (Rai et al, 2015), and water management (Poerbandono et al, 2014), especially those in urban areas (Larson et al, 2013) and major river basins (Sahu et al, 2012).…”