Indonesian rainfall variability observation using TRMM multi-satellite data

As-syakur, Abd. Rahman; Tanaka, Takahiko; Osawa, Takahiro; Mahendra, Made Sudiana

doi:10.1080/01431161.2013.826837

Cited by 73 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Also with the Maritime Continent in mind, Dayem et al . [] noted that rainfall in that region tends to occur preferentially over islands, a result corroborated by closer investigation [e.g., As‐syakur et al ., ; Sobel et al ., ]. They showed that variability in the strength of the Walker Circulation correlated with variability of rainfall over the Maritime Continent, but not with that over the warm pool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

Molnár

Cronin

2015

Paleoceanography

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The areal extent of the Maritime Continent (the islands of Indonesia and surrounding region) has grown larger by~60% since 5 Ma. We argue that this growth might have altered global climate in two ways that would have contributed to making recurring Ice Ages possible. First, because rainfall over the islands of the Maritime Continent not only is heavier than that over the adjacent ocean but also correlates with the strength of the Walker Circulation, the growth of the Maritime Continent since 5 Ma may have contributed to the cooling of the eastern tropical Pacific since that time. Scaling relationships between the strength of the Walker Circulation and rainfall over the islands of the Maritime Continent and between sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern tropical Pacific and the strength of easterly wind stress suggest that the increase in areal extent of islands would lead to a drop in that SST of 0.75°C. Although only a fraction of the 3-4°C decrease in SSTs between the eastern and western tropical Pacific, the growth of the Maritime Continent may have strengthened the Walker Circulation, increased the east-west temperature gradient across the Pacific and thereby enabled ice sheets to wax and wane over Canada since 3 Ma. Second, because the weathering of basaltic rock under warm, moist conditions extracts CO 2 from the atmosphere more rapidly than weathering of other rock or of basalt under cooler or drier conditions, the increase in weathering due to increasing area of basalt in the Maritime Continent may have drawn down enough CO 2 from the atmosphere to affect global temperatures. Simple calculations suggest that increased weathering of basalt might have lowered global temperatures by 0.25°C, possibly important for the overall cooling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

Molnár

Cronin

2015

Paleoceanography

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“…The local circulation such as the diurnal cycle of precipitation [5] may be modified by larger-scale circulation [6,7], and thus, the precipitation pattern over the IMC becomes more complex. The IMC receives a large amount of rainfall throughout the year, and precipitation varies considerably across the region [8][9][10]. The average annual rainfall at several locations is very high and can reach 6200 mm (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Vertical Profile of Precipitation over Indonesian Maritime Continent

Marzuki¹,

Hashiguchi²,

Vonnisa³

et al. 2018

Engineering and Mathematical Topics in Rainfall

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This chapter presents variabilities in the vertical structure of precipitation over the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC), which were inferred from the gradients of the radar reflectivity (dBZ) below the freezing level and were gathered from the latest 2A25 TRMM-Precipitation Radar product over a 17-year time span (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014). In general, the downward increasing (DI) pattern of dBZ toward the surface is more dominant than the downward decreasing (DD) pattern, which has a ratio of 1.3. The DI is frequently observed over the ocean, and the higher prevailing rain top heights over land are associated with DD, in most cases. Shallow convective rains have the largest ratio of DI to DD (>4), followed by deep convective rains. The largest ratio is observed during DecemberJanuary-February (DJF) when wetter conditions are dominant over the IMC, which is a favorable condition for raindrop growth. The stratiform rains show a dominant DD in which the ratio of DD to DI is greater than 1.6 for each season. The spatial distribution of the stratiform gradient is more complex than that of convective rain and does not show a robust land-ocean contrast. The diurnal variation in the reflectivity gradient for stratiform rain is less pronounced. With convective rain, DD is more dominant in the afternoon and evening over a large island, indicates a decrease in the raindrop concentration due to the evaporation and updraft associated with the intense convection.

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“…In general, the rainfall patterns of the Denpasar area are influenced by monsoons, with the maximum amount of precipitation occurring during the peak of the wet season from December to February and decreasing to a minimum during the valley of the dry season from June to August [44,45]. Moreover, the annual average temperature of Denpasar is 27.6 °C, the average annual rainfall is 1803.62 mm year −1 [44], and settlement was the dominant land use in Denpasar city in 2006 followed by rice field areas [46]. The population of Denpasar reached 335,196 people in 1992 and increased to 880,600 people in 2015, an increase of more than 250%.…”

Section: Research Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Gross Primary Production (GPP) over the Past Two Decades Due to Land Use Conversion in a Tourism City

Nuarsa

As-syakur

Gunadi

et al. 2018

IJGI

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Understanding the changes in gross primary production (GPP), which is the total carbon fixation by terrestrial ecosystems through vegetation photosynthesis, due to land use conversion in a tourism city is important for carbon cycle studies. Satellite data from Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 and meteorological data are used to calculate annual GPP for 1995, 2003 and 2014, respectively, using the vegetation production model (VPM) in the tourism city Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Five land use types generated from topographic maps in three different years over the past two decades are used to quantify the impacts of land use changes on GPP estimation values. Analysis was performed for two periods to determine changes in land use and GPP value as well as their speed. The results demonstrated that urban land development, namely, the increase of settlement areas due to tourism activity, had overall negative effects on terrestrial GPP. The total GPP of the whole area decreased by 7793.96 tC year −1 (12.65%) during the study period. The decline is due to the conversion of agriculture and grassland area into settlements, which caused the city to lose half of its ability to uptake carbon through vegetation. However, although forest area is declining, forest maintenance and restoration by making them protection areas has been helpful in preventing a drastic decline in GPP value over the past two decades. This study provides information that is useful for carbon resource management, tourism, policy making and scholars concerned about carbon reduction in a tourism city.

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Indonesian rainfall variability observation using TRMM multi-satellite data

Cited by 73 publications

References 41 publications

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Vertical Profile of Precipitation over Indonesian Maritime Continent

Changes in Gross Primary Production (GPP) over the Past Two Decades Due to Land Use Conversion in a Tourism City

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