Indonesian Throughflow as a preconditioning mechanism for submarine landslides in the Makassar Strait

Brackenridge, Rachel; Nicholson, Uisdean; Sapiie, Benyamin; Stow, Dorrik; Tappin, David R.

doi:10.1144/sp500-2019-171

Cited by 37 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Olariu and Steel, 2009), and the presence and vigour of oceanographic currents (e.g. Brackenridge et al, 2020). For example, a sub-basin located near the axis of a marine rift, detached from a large, basin-margin sediment source, will likely be characterised by broadly conformable, late syn-rift to early post-rift succession that lacks widespread erosion and canyon formation.…”

Section: Implications For Tectono-stratigraphic Models Of Marine Riftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated degradation and progradation of a submarine slope over geological timescales

Jackson

McAndrew

Hodgson

et al. 2021

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Submarine slopes prograde via accretion of sediment to clinoform foresets and degrade in response to channel or canyon incision or to mass-wasting processes. The timescales over which progradation and degradation occur, and the large-scale stratigraphic record of these processes, remain unclear due to poor age constraints in subsurface-based studies and areally limited exposures of exhumed systems. We here integrate 3D seismic reflection and borehole data to study the geometry and origin of ancient slope canyons developed in late Mesozoic strata of the Måløy Slope, offshore Norway. Slope degradation and canyon incision commenced during the late Kimmeridgian, coincident with the latter stages of rifting. Later periods of canyon formation occurred during the Aptian to Albian and the Albian to Cenomanian, during early post-rift subsidence. The canyons are straight, up to 700 m deep, and 10 km wide on the upper slope and die out downdip onto the lower slope. The canyons trend broadly perpendicular to and crosscut most of the rift-related normal faults, although syn-filling fault growth locally helped to preserve thicker canyon-fill successions. The headwalls of the oldest (late Kimmeridgian) canyons are located at a fault-controlled shelf edge, where younger canyons overstep this fault, which was inactive when they formed, extending across the paleo-shelf. Downslope, Aptian to Albian canyons either erode into the older, late Kimmeridgian to Barremian canyon fills, forming a complicated set of unconformities, or in the case of the Albian to Cenomanian canyons, die out into correlative conformities. Boreholes indicate that the canyon bases are defined by sharp, erosional surfaces, across which we observe an abrupt upward shift from shallow- to deep-marine facies (i.e., late Kimmeridgian canyons), or deep marine to deep marine facies (Aptian to Albian and Albian to Cenomanian canyons). Missing biostratigraphic zones indicate the canyons record relatively protracted periods (c. 2–17 Myr) of structurally enhanced slope degradation and sediment bypass, separated by > 10 Myr periods of deposition and slope accretion. The trigger for slope degradation is unclear, but it likely reflects basinward tilting of this tectonically active margin, enhanced by incision of the slope by erosive sediment gravity flows. The results of our study have implications for the timescales over which large-scale slope progradation and degradation may occur on other tectonically active slopes, and the complex geophysical and geological record of these processes. We also show that canyon formation can cause large volumes of margin-derived sediment to bypass proximal sub-basins within rifted terranes, an important process not currently captured by marine rift-basin tectono-stratigraphic models.

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Section: Implications For Tectono-stratigraphic Models Of Marine Riftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated degradation and progradation of a submarine slope over geological timescales

Jackson

McAndrew

Hodgson

et al. 2021

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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“…We suggest that contourite terraces may have been initiated by erosion on the slope generated by the action of two water masses and their interphase trough time, being the (paleo) Malvinas Current one of the key factors that progressively cut the slope landwards, widening the contourite terrace with time. The fact that the Argentine contourite terraces are much wider and flatter than other terraces observed for instance in the Mediterranean Sea (Ercilla et al, 2016;Miramontes et al, 2019), along the Mozambican margin (Thiéblemont et al, 2019;Miramontes et al, 2020) and in the Makassar Strait (Brackenridge et al, 2020) could be related to the higher speed of near-bottom currents as part of the Malvinas Current and the long time period of erosion (since the opening of the Drake Passage). The particular flat morphology with an abrupt edge of the terraces along the Argentine margin may favour the formation of internal waves at the terrace edge, similar to those observed at the shelf break (Jackson et al, 2012), that could also favour sediment transport and erosion along the terrace.…”

Section: Terrace Formationmentioning

confidence: 89%

The erosive power of the Malvinas Current: Influence of bottom currents on morpho-sedimentary features along the northern Argentine margin (SW Atlantic Ocean)

Wilckens¹,

Miramontes²,

Schwenk³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sediment deposits formed mainly under the influence of bottom currents (contourites) are widely used as high-resolution archives for reconstructing past ocean conditions. However, the driving processes of Contourite Depositional Systems (CDS) are not entirely understood.The aim of this study is to establish a clearer link between contourite features and the oceanographic processes that form them. The morphosedimentary characteristics of a large CDS were analysed together with the current dynamics along the northern Argentine continental margin. This study combines multibeam bathymetry, seismo-acoustic data, sediment samples, vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (VM-ADCP) data and numerical modelling of ocean currents. The contouritic features include large contourite terraces (La Plata Terrace, Ewing Terrace) and an abraded surface between the terraces, as well as smaller erosional and Preprint submitted to Marine Geology 2021 2 depositional features like moats, erosion surfaces on the Ewing Terrace, sediment waves and contourite drifts. Measured and modelled near-bottom currents are vigorous (up to 63 cm/s at 150 -200 m above the seafloor) where abraded surfaces and moats are present, and relatively weak (below 30 cm/s) on the La Plata Terrace and the Ewing Terrace. Generally, bottom currents follow the upper and middle slope morphology. Decreasing velocity of water masses flowing northward leads to less erosion and finer sediment deposits. ADCP data and the hydrodynamic model show the formation of eddies near the seafloor which probably lead to the small erosion surfaces on the Ewing Terrace, even though it is mainly a depositional environment. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the formation of CDS and can help future reconstructions of past ocean conditions based on sedimentary structures.

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“…The poor continuity and chaotic reflectors of this seismic facies indicate that rapid and non‐uniform deposition predominantly occurred. Many studies suggest that these seismic expressions derived from the MTD formed by slope deformational processes, including slide, slump and debris flow with plastic behaviour (Table 1; Brackenridge, Nicholson, Sapiie, Stow, & Tappin, 2020; Kim et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2001; Moernaut & De Batist, 2011; Nugraha, Jackson, Johnson, Hodgson, & Reeve, 2019; Pérez et al., 2016; Posamentier & Martinsen, 2011; Tournadour et al., 2015). SF2 is characterised by parallel and continuous well‐stratified reflections with high amplitude (Table 1).…”

Section: Data Sets and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic control on mass‐transport deposit and canyon‐fed fan system in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan)

et al. 2020

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Indonesian Throughflow as a preconditioning mechanism for submarine landslides in the Makassar Strait

Cited by 37 publications

References 74 publications

Repeated degradation and progradation of a submarine slope over geological timescales

Repeated degradation and progradation of a submarine slope over geological timescales

The erosive power of the Malvinas Current: Influence of bottom currents on morpho-sedimentary features along the northern Argentine margin (SW Atlantic Ocean)

Tectonic control on mass‐transport deposit and canyon‐fed fan system in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan)

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