Indoor Air Pollution and Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Raju, Sarath; Woo, Han; Koehler, Kirsten; Fawzy, Ashraf; Liu, Chen; Putcha, Nirupama; Balasubramaniam, Aparna; Peng, Roger D.; Lin, Cheng Ting; Lemoine, Chantal; Wineke, Jennifer; Berger, Ronald D.; Hansel, Nadia N.; McCormack, Meredith C.

doi:10.1164/rccm.202203-0523oc

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…COPD develops as a result of a combination of multiple factors, 74 chronic inflammation of the airway, pulmonary parenchyma, pulmonary blood vessels, imbalance of the protease‐antiprotease system, 75 oxidative stress, 76 autonomic dysfunction, 77 nutritional disturbances, 78 and other mechanisms that jointly cause small airway inflammation and emphysema changes. These pathological changes work together, resulting in COPD 79 .…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Immunopathology Of Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Zhu

Chang

2023

Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Developments in next-generation sequencing technology have improved microbiome analysis, which is increasingly recognized as an important component of disease management. Similar to the gut, the lung is a biosphere containing billions of microbial communities. The lung microbiome plays an important role in regulating and maintaining the host immune system. The microbiome composition, metabolites of microorganisms, and the interactions between the lung microbiome and the host immunity profoundly affect the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of COPD. In this review, we drew comparisons between the lung microbiome of healthy individuals and that of patients with COPD. Furthermore, we summarize the intrinsic interactions between the host and the overall lung microbiome, focusing on the underlying mechanisms linking the microbiome to the host innate and adaptive immune response pathways. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using the microbiome as a biomarker to determine the stage and prognosis of COPD and the feasibility of developing a novel, safe, and effective therapeutic target. K E Y W O R D S adaptive immune response, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, innate immune response, microbiome Highlights• The lung microbiome of healthy individuals is compared to that of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). • The role of the lung microbiome in the pathogenesis of COPD and host immune alterations is discussed. • The most representative studies are presented for accuracy and comprehensiveness. | INTRODUCTIONChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable chronic lung disease that poses a substantial burden on global health and the economy. According to the results of a 27-year global cohort study published in The Lancet, the top three causes of death worldwide in 2017 were cardiovascular disease (31.8% of all death causes), cancer (17.1% of all death causes), and chronic respiratory

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Section: Pathogenesis and Immunopathology Of Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Zhu

Chang

2023

Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine

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“…Data from clinical studies on heart rate variability (HRV: a measure of cardiac autonomic dysfunction) in COPD patients have been extensively reported in recent publications. Raju et al [6 ▪▪ ] demonstrated in the CLEAN AIR Heart study, where former smokers with moderate to severe COPD were randomized into portable air cleaner group vs. placebo filter group, that an increase in indoor air pollution was associated with a decrease in HRV. Decreased HRV was also associated with worse COPD symptoms and exacerbation risk [7].…”

Section: Mechanistic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raju et al [6 ▪▪ ] demonstrated in the CLEAN AIR Heart study, where former smokers with moderate to severe COPD were randomized into portable air cleaner group vs. placebo filter group, that an increase in indoor air pollution was associated with a decrease in HRV. Decreased HRV was also associated with worse COPD symptoms and exacerbation risk [7]. A secondary analysis of the BLOCK COPD trial, which tested metoprolol (another cardioselective beta-blocker) in COPD patients, showed an association between decreased HRV and increased ECOPD risk but only in groups that did not receive metoprolol [8].…”

Section: Mechanistic Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic links and implications for practice

Maeda,

Dransfield

2023

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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Purpose of reviewChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both significant burdens on the healthcare system and often coexist. Mechanistic links between the two conditions and their clinical impact are increasingly understood.Recent findingsRecent studies demonstrate multiple mechanisms by which the pathobiology of COPD may have negative effects on the cardiovascular system. These include extrapulmonary consequences of the COPD inflammatory state, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, which has been recently implicated in worsening respiratory symptoms and exacerbation risk, and mechanical effects of lung hyperinflation on left ventricular diastolic function.Clinical studies have consistently shown a high prevalence of CVD in COPD patients and worsened outcomes (andvice versa). Exacerbations of COPD have also been demonstrated to dramatically increase the risk of cardiovascular events. While some safety concerns exist, medications for COPD and cardiovascular disease should be used in accordance with respective guidelines. However, real-world data show suboptimal management for patients with COPD and CVD.SummaryCOPD and cardiovascular disease have complicated interrelationships. Further mechanistic studies may lead to defining better targets for interventions. Education for medical professionals and implementation of novel screening protocols should be encouraged to fill in the gaps in clinical care for these patients.

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“…biofuels utilized for heating and cooking), occupational dust, chemicals and especially, smoking. [5][6][7] Although COPD pathogenesis is unclear, its hallmarks are oxidative stress, 8 immunity and inflammation, 9 apoptosis, 10 metaplastic epithelial damage, 11 mucus hypersecretion 12 and fibrotic airways. 13 In COPD patients, diminished lung function has been correlated with high levels of heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major risk factors for COPD are outdoor and indoor air pollution (e.g. biofuels utilized for heating and cooking), occupational dust, chemicals and especially, smoking 5–7 . Although COPD pathogenesis is unclear, its hallmarks are oxidative stress, 8 immunity and inflammation, 9 apoptosis, 10 metaplastic epithelial damage, 11 mucus hypersecretion 12 and fibrotic airways 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of cuproptosis and Cu metabolism‐associated genes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Qi,

Liu,

Zeng

et al. 2023

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Airway epithelial cell injury plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, a novel form of Cu‐induced programmed cell death known as cuproptosis has not yet been thoroughly investigated in the context of COPD. Clinical reports have suggested that high copper exposure may increase the risk of COPD. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression and potential functions of cuproptosis‐related genes and genes associated with copper metabolism in COPD. We initially identified 52 copper metabolism‐related genes based on a review of the literature. Subsequently, we calculated the expression levels of these genes using data from four GEO datasets. To gain insights into the activated signalling pathways and underlying mechanisms in COPD patients, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses, examined protein–protein interactions, and performed weighted correlation network analysis. Our findings revealed that 18 key copper metabolism‐related genes, including 5 cuproptosis‐related genes, were significantly enriched in signalling pathways and biological processes associated with the development of COPD. Further analysis of clinical data and animal experiments confirmed the high expression of certain cuproptosis key regulators, such as DLD and CDKN2A, in both healthy smokers and COPD smokers. Additionally, these regulators exhibited abnormal expression in a COPD rat model. Notably, copper content was found to be elevated in the lung tissues of COPD rats, suggesting its potential involvement in cuproptosis. These findings provide an experimental foundation for further research into the role of cuproptosis in COPD. Targeting copper metabolism‐related genes may represent an effective approach for the treatment of COPD.

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Indoor Air Pollution and Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic links and implications for practice

Contribution of cuproptosis and Cu metabolism‐associated genes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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