Indoor air quality and environmental tobacco smoke: Concentration and exposure

Holcomb, Larry C.

doi:10.1016/0160-4120(93)90004-2

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…6,[22][23][24] Such high ETS levels were necessary to ensure reliable quantitation of trace ETS components, particularly when the TOB-HT cigarette was being tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Generated by Different Cigarettes

Nelson

Kelly

Conrad

1998

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A method was developed to reproducibly measure environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) components generated by different cigarettes. Measurements were carried out in an unventilated, controlled environment chamber. True ETS (the aged and diluted combination of exhaled mainstream plus sidestream smoke) was generated by human smokers. To reliably quantitate components normally present at trace levels, the comparisons were carried out at elevated ETS concentrations-greater than 40 times those typically encountered in "real-world" settings.The method was applied to four commercially available cigarettes and a cigarette prototype that primarily heats tobacco. Forty-three properties and components of the gas and particulate phases of ETS generated by the different cigarettes were measured. Good precision of measurement was obtained both within and between tests. Statistically significant differences in the concentration of ETS components were observed among the different commercial cigarettes and between the commercial and prototype cigarettes. Most ETS components from the prototype cigarette were reduced by >90% when compared to the commercial cigarettes. The method was used to determine the effect of cigarette design changes on the generation of ETS. INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been defined as the aged and diluted mixture of sidestream smoke (the smoke from the lit end of a cigarette) and exhaled mainstream smoke (the smoke a smoker exhales).1 A wide range of testing methods have been used to characterize the composition of ETS.2-6 Typically, investigators target a limited number of specific components in the ETS from one or a few cigarettes. It is unusual to find reports that offer a relatively complete picture of ETS composition for one or more cigarettes. Often, rather than sampling a range of different cigarette brands and styles (e.g., soft pack or box, king size or 100s, full flavor or lights), it has been assumed that the ETS generated by different cigarettes within a brand family is qualitatively and quantitatively the same. 7,8 Alternatively, the results of non-standardized comparisons of mainstream and sidestream smoke composition have been used to predict ETS composition-a problematic process.

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“…6,[22][23][24] Such high ETS levels were necessary to ensure reliable quantitation of trace ETS components, particularly when the TOB-HT cigarette was being tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Generated by Different Cigarettes

Nelson

Kelly

Conrad

1998

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…A recent review (9) noted that &dquo;a typical indoor air level of respirable suspended particulates (RSP) would seem to be about 120 /-Lg/m3 or less.&dquo; Other reviews ( 11 ) have shown ETS-RSP concentrations in homes and in offices that averaged less than 30 /-Lglm3. Our previous work with ADSS used significant exaggerations of these concentrations, and minimal histopathological and proliferative changes were observed (3,5,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevant Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Surrogate Does Not Produce or Modify Secretory Otitis Media in the Rat

et al. 1997

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Parental smoking is a possible risk factor in the development of secretory otitis media (SOM) in children. This experiment was designed to determine, using rats as an experimental model, whether exposures to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) produce SOM and whether ETS exposure affects the rate of clearance of an experimentally induced effusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 3 different concentrations of aged and diluted sidestream smoke, a surrogate for ETS, from 1R4F research cigarettes for 6 hr per day for 5 days. Experimental SOM was induced bilaterally in subgroups of animals from each group, by cold air exposure to the external auditory canals. Ears of rats were examined during the in-life portion of the study. Histopathologic examination of the middle ear was conducted at the termination of the 5-day period. The production of SOM was not induced by ETS exposure, nor were there differences noted between the groups in the rates of clearance of the experimentally induced SOM. Short-term exposure to ETS did not affect the acquisition or clearance of SOM in the rat.

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“…Proctor's smoking ± nonsmoking ratio of medians was 5.2, while the ratio of means was 10. Holcomb (1993 ), in a compilation of studies measuring ETS constituents, found the mean nicotine concentration in smoking offices and public places to be 6.2 g/m 3 compared to 0.3 g/m 3 in nonsmoking offices and public places. This smoking -tononsmoking ratio of 21 was similar to the ratio observed in the 16-City Study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doses and lung burdens of environmental tobacco smoke constituents in nonsmoking workplaces

Me²,

et al. 2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Indoor air quality and environmental tobacco smoke: Concentration and exposure

Cited by 53 publications

References 49 publications

Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Generated by Different Cigarettes

Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Generated by Different Cigarettes

Relevant Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Surrogate Does Not Produce or Modify Secretory Otitis Media in the Rat

Doses and lung burdens of environmental tobacco smoke constituents in nonsmoking workplaces

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