Indoor air quality indicators and toxicity potential at the hospitals’ environment in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Monitors to improve indoor air carbon dioxide concentrations in the hospital: A randomized crossover trial

“…Few studies have reported indoor CO 2 concentrations in hospitals (Shajahan et al, 2019). Inappropriately high CO 2 concentrations were measured in hospitals without modern HVAC systems (Hwang and Park, 2020;Lee et al, 2020;Pereira et al, 2020;Zaman et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2015). In contrast, excellent CO 2 values have been reported in COVID-19 wards without detectable airborne viral genomes (Vosoughi et al, 2021) and an Iranian intensive care unit (where viral genomes were still detected in N = 2/14 air samples) (Kenarkoohi et al, 2020).…”

Airborne bacterial and PM characterization in intensive care units: correlations with physical control parameters

“…The temporal variability in indoor air quality has been well studied. For example, Zaman et al ( 2021 ) highlighted the temporal variabilities in indoor PM concentrations across a year, with the colder season associated with higher PM, microorganisms, and CO 2 levels as compared to the warmer season. Both Chamseddine et al ( 2019 ) and Zaman et al ( 2021 ) offered possible explanations for these seasonal variations; both cited that increased indoor activity during the cold season increased the rate of pollutants influx, ultimately causing the observed surges in concentrations.…”

“…For example, Zaman et al ( 2021 ) highlighted the temporal variabilities in indoor PM concentrations across a year, with the colder season associated with higher PM, microorganisms, and CO 2 levels as compared to the warmer season. Both Chamseddine et al ( 2019 ) and Zaman et al ( 2021 ) offered possible explanations for these seasonal variations; both cited that increased indoor activity during the cold season increased the rate of pollutants influx, ultimately causing the observed surges in concentrations. It should be noted that the impact of seasonality on indoor air quality is not limited to the hospital setting; several studies have reported similar observations for residential settings (Abdel-Salam 2021 ) and in learning institutions (Deng and Lau 2019 ; Stamp et al 2022 ).…”

Long-Term (2003–2019) Air Quality, Climate Variables, and Human Health Consequences in Dhaka, Bangladesh

“…Furthermore, permanent wetlands have been disappearing at an unprecedented pace as a result of unplanned urbanization to accommodate the huge population, with more than 49% of wetland areas disappearing in Dhaka city between 1960 and 2008 (Rai et al, 2017). As a result of such adverse situations, Dhaka had very high (>1) toxicity potential (TP) values of PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Zaman et al, 2021) and recorded the highest mortality and morbidity rates (hospital admissions) among the megacities studied, with about 7,000 deaths and 2,100 excess cases (cardiovascular and respiratory) each year (Gurjar et al, 2010). Table 1 reports several previous researches on ambient air quality and climate impact in Dhaka, Bangladesh, undertaken after 2003.…”