Indoor and Peridomestic Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northwestern Argentina: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Abstract

Abstract. A case-control study was carried out during 1990−1994 to identify risk factors associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. The study subjects consisted of 171 cases and 308 controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence. The analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression. Risk factors found to be significantly associated with ACL were related to indoor transmission (few rooms in the house, dirt floor, and a permanent opening in lieu of a window); peridomestic transmission (presence of a pond or woodland within 150 m of the house and an agricultural area within 200 m of the house); and human behavior (sleeping in the backyard, collecting water, bathing, and performing agricultural activities). Most transmission appears to have occurred indoors and in the peridomicile. These environments should be included in further research and control policies.

Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psycodidae) fauna in the Chaco region and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis transmission patterns in Argentina

“…neivai is the prevalent species. ACL outbreaks were reported in: (1) the General Vedia and Cancha Larga Chaco (Miranda et al 1999, Salomón et al 2001; (2) in San Martín, Loreto, Atamisqui and Silipica, Santiago del Estero, with peridomestic transmission enhanced by closeness to the rivers (Yadón et al 2001(Yadón et al , 2003and (3) in Laishi (Basualdo unpublished observations) and Lomitas, Formosa (Salomón et al 2006b) on the Bermejo river gallery forest that extends the Yungas landscape inside the DC region (Sennhauser 1991). The annual pattern of Lu.…”

Evaluación de conocimientos y prácticas sobre la leishmaniasis tegumentaria en un área endémica de Venezuela

“…Otro factor observado en ambas comunidades estudiadas fue el hacinamiento, señalado como factor importante por considerar en la transmisión de la leishmaniasis (28). Además, se detectó en los pobladores el uso de poca ropa, que concurre para que una mayor área corporal esté expuesta al ataque de los insectos.…”

“…Otro factor que favorece la presencia peridomiciliaria de los flebotominos son los cultivos de café (28,37). Si bien no existe evidencia consolidada del cafetal como un sitio de refugio de los flebotominos, se han criado con éxito especies de Lutzomyia en el laboratorio con alimento a base de hojas de café (38,39 Otros autores también proponen la participación comunitaria como parte complementaria en el control en las zonas endémicas, orientado al vector y a los reservorios (12), y algunos autores resaltan la importancia de concientizar a la población escolar, como lo propusieron Costa et al (46).…”

Urban Transmission of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Argentina: Spatial Analysis Study

“…In addition, two clusters were found through scan statistic analysis of cases in women: one in the northeastern part of the city (OR = 2.76) and the other in the eastern part (OR = 2.26) ( Figure 5 ; clusters 9 and 10). Scan statistic analysis of the entire study population detected four isolated clusters, three with a radius equal to zero, and two with ORs > 3 (southern and northeastern areas) ( Figure 5 ; clusters [22][23][24][25].…”

“…19,20 However, an important number of cases of ACL in children and women have been observed in different areas of South America. 11,[19][20][21][22][23] Particularly in Salta, domiciliary and peridomiciliary exposure to the vector appears to be a common event among affected patients in these demographic groups. 24 A high rate of ACL cases among women and children has been proposed as an indicator of domiciliary and peridomiciliary transmission.…”