Indoor Built Environments Attended by Primary School Children and Its Microbiology: A Cross-Project Study

Abstract

Exposure to indoor pollutants may exert a significant effect on children health as they spend most of their time in enclosed environments. This research compared the association of biological concentrations with indoor characteristics and building materials in places where children spend significant time indoors. It was compared the results of two autonomous research projects conducted in Porto primary schools and households. Both the projects included a walkthrough inspection and biological measurements in indoor environments in primary school classrooms and home bedrooms, respectively. Floor covering material was the major building characteristic associated with fungal concentrations. In addition, significant associations were observed between the heating system and Fusarium sp. and the type of glazing and Fumigatus sp. A comparison of the results between the two projects demonstrated similarities in the association of microbial concentrations with building materials, particularly with the floor type. This demonstrated that specific building materials could be a source of exposure to indoor pollutants. The influence of building materials on indoor air quality (IAQ) should be considered using building codes. When performing building retrofitting, professionals should be aware of the nexus between building materials-energy-IAQ-health, which, if not properly managed, could negate the efforts of meeting climate and related sustainable development goals.

Comparison of Household Environmental Factors among Children with Reported Asthma and Controls

“…Fungi concentration was associated with several home characteristics, specifically, with the type of ceiling and floor material, visible mould growth, floor cleaning and the type of rug [31]. Floor material was also associated with biological concentrations at primary schools or children's homes [32]. Endotoxins concentration was positively associated with noticeable mould odour, heating system and cushion/pillow and rug in the children's bedroom [31].…”

A Systematic Review about Building Characteristics as Dampness-Related Indicators

“…In addition to these factors, the building stock and the building elements in some countries require intervention, which might exacerbate dampness or mold problems indoors [6]. Approaching the building stock retrofit from a holistic perspective may help tackle different problems, making it simultaneously more energy efficient, comfortable, and healthier for occupants, correcting some pathologic situations such as indoor humidity and condensation [7].…”