Indoor/ Outdoor Particulate Matter Concentrations at Some Elementary Schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi, Mansour A.

doi:10.4197/met.24-1.6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The present annual mean value of the PM 2.5 mass concentration of old Jeddah is comparable with the previous work of Zytoon (Zytoon et al, 2014) and Aburas (Aburas et al, 2011). However, it seems to be higher than the values given by the others (Alghamdi, 2013;Khodeir et al, 2012;Lim et al, 2018). This present output result re ects the similarity and variability of the mass concentrations of the PM 2.5 samples which depends on the nature of the sampling collection.…”

Section: Pm 25 Mass Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…It was recognized that the indoor mass concentration of the PM 2.5 samples increased in presence of students and its average mass value was 25.42 µg/m 3 . Moreover, 100% of the PM 2.5 mass concentration exceeds the annual mean values of WHO and it has a great in uence on schoolchildren (Alghamdi, 2013). Ultra ne and ne atmospheric aerosols (PM 0.5−0.25 and PM 2.0−1.0 ) were collected from Jeddah and characterized employing X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and synchrotron radiation total re ection X-ray uorescence (SR-TXRF) for Cr and Mn species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental Variability of PM 2.5 aerosols in Old Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Shaltout

Ali

Almalawi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Air particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has been assembled from the historical old Jeddah district (downtown) throughout the whole year. Additional PM2.5 aerosols have been collected during the autumn and winter seasons from another newly constructed district inside Jeddah city (Alnaeem). The annual concentrations of the total mass of the PM2.5 aerosols from old Jeddah and Alnaeem sites were found to be 43 ± 6 and 61 ± 14 µg/m3, respectively. These values are greater than the annual mass concentration of the air quality standards of the European Commission (EC, 25 µg/m3) and the world health organization (WHO, 10 µg/m3). The elemental analysis of the collected fine atmospheric aerosols has been achieved by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) with three secondary targets (CaF, Ge, and Mo). Quantitative elemental analyses of twenty-two (22) elements have been achieved starting from the low Z element (Na) up to the high Z element (Pb). Although the old Jeddah site is not well organized, the elemental concentrations and total mass concentrations are lower than other sites. The statistical analyses including enrichment factors, the correlation analysis of Pearson, and the principal component analysis reveal more information about the source identification of the PM2.5 aerosols collected from both locations. It was recognized that the quantified elements Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Rb, and Sr originate from a natural source. On the other hand, the elements Ta, Br, Pb, Sc, Ni, Cu, Zn, and S originate from anthropogenic source. Finally, the elements Na, Cl, and Br come mainly from the sea spray source.

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Section: Pm 25 Mass Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Variability of PM 2.5 aerosols in Old Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Shaltout

Ali

Almalawi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Similarly, findings were reported in Al-Rehaili's (1970) study where indoor and outdoor total suspended particles (TSP), lead (Pb), nitrates (NO), and NO2 concentrations were higher than recommended values at most examined locations in Riyadh due to TRAP-related activities (Al-Rehaili, 1970). Another study was conducted in Jeddah's primary schools located in various traffic-density zones (Alghamdi, 2013). Around 37% and 47% of the examined schools reported indoor PM10 and PM2.5 levels exceeding the maximum 24-h and annual concentrations permissible by the WHO and EPA.…”

Section: Particulate Matter (Pm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable assessment of air quality in school buildings in Saudi Arabia

Deeb

Alqahtani²

2022

JER is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes f

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The aim is to study the influence of outdoor air on the indoor air quality (IAQ) of an elementary school located near the roadside in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The air quality was asses at two locations of the school (inside and outside). The concentrations of particulate matter (PM) 1.0, 2.5, and 10, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were determined with the help of Air Quality Egg (Kickstarter Company, USA). The factors that can influence the air quality (working and non-working hours, arriving/leaving hours, weekends, and dust storms) were also considered during observations. The methodology followed in this study was according to the standard of "ISO 12103-1 AI Test Dust; ASHRAE". The findings of this study clearly show that traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) affected the IAQ of the school near the roadside. During the working and arrival/leaving hours, PM (1.0 2.5, 10.0) inside the classroom remains below the ambient air quality standards of WHO, EPA, and Saudi limits. Likewise, CO and NO2 levels were lower than the reported limit with the maximum value of 0.176, 0.078 ppb, and 48.69, 46.22 ppb at working and arrival/leaving hours. However, indoor/outdoor ratios were found to be > 1.0 at working hours of CO and all parameters of NO2, indicating strong relation between occupants and surrounding human activities. During dust storms, indoor and outdoor average values remain highest due to natural climatic conditions. The study's findings can be applied to epidemiological investigations of children's exposure to PM, CO, and NO2 due to TRAP, as well as the formation and implementation of remedial action to protect children's health.

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“…Increase in shaded areas in the examined public open spaces: This was the second most important because people spend most of their time indoors [54]. Therefore, achieving thermal comfort inside buildings is more important than achieving outdoor thermal comfort.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shading Performance of Public Open Spaces: A Multi-Criteria Evaluation Framework for Housing Projects

Asfour,

Mohsen,

Al-Qawasmi

2023

Buildings

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This study investigates the impact of building grouping patterns on enhancing shading in public open spaces, considering different solar orientations, housing densities, and the hot climatic conditions of Saudi Arabia. The study considered a set of environmental performance indicators, including the percentage of open space shaded areas, heat gains through the building envelope, open space surface temperature, and the natural ventilation potential of each grouping pattern of the buildings. The results showed that at a building height of five floors, the percentage of open space shaded areas ranged from 14% to 53%. However, using the suggested multi-criteria evaluation framework to consider the above-mentioned performance indicators revealed more in-depth observations. Configurations that included parallel rows of buildings staggered and centralized in the middle of the site offered the best performance in this regard. This shows that compact grouping patterns in which open spaces are decentralized offer more urban shading and protection against undesirable heat gains through the building envelope during summer. The results of this study will enable a wider exploration of different building grouping patterns, which are needed in the harsh hot climate of Saudi Arabia to respond to current rapid housing development plans.

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Indoor/ Outdoor Particulate Matter Concentrations at Some Elementary Schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Elemental Variability of PM 2.5 aerosols in Old Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Elemental Variability of PM 2.5 aerosols in Old Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Sustainable assessment of air quality in school buildings in Saudi Arabia

Shading Performance of Public Open Spaces: A Multi-Criteria Evaluation Framework for Housing Projects

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