Indoor/Outdoor Relationships, Trends, and Carbonaceous Content of Fine Particulate Matter in Retirement Homes of the Los Angeles Basin

Polidori, Andrea; Arhami, Mohammad; Sioutas, Constantinos; Delfino, Ralph J.; Allen, Ryan

doi:10.1080/10473289.2007.10465339

Cited by 91 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…With the exception of these local peaks due to cooking, the magnitudes and trends of indoor and outdoor particle concentrations closely track each other, with indoor levels always lower than outdoor levels, which suggest that the majority of indoor particles in that site originate from outdoors. This is also confirmed by the findings of a recent study conducted at the same RC and during the same time period (Polidori et al 2007), which showed that outdoor sources of PM 2.5 and its carbonaceous components (e.g., organic and elemental carbon) are the most important contributors to the indoor PM levels. …”

Section: Particle Number and Surface Concentration In Different Locatsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Two identical sampling stations were installed here, one indoors and one outdoors. The indoor station was situated in the dining room of the community's main building where cooking activities, which regularly occurred between 6:00 and 9:00 in the morning, were shown to be the major indoor sources of PM 2.5 throughout the year (Polidori et al 2007). The average air exchange rate was quite low at this location (0.31 h −1 ± 0.10 for winter), which is consistent with the structural characteristics of the sampling site (a dining hall in the middle of the retirement homes), the low number of open windows and doors, and the presence of central air conditioners.…”

Section: Sampling Sites and Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Ntziachristos

Polidori

Phuleria

et al. 2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particle surface area has recently been considered as a possible metric in an attempt to correlate particle characteristics with health effects. In order to provide input to such studies, two Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitors (NSAMs, TSI, Inc.) were deployed in different urban sites within Los Angeles to measure the concentration levels and the diurnal profiles of the surface area of ambient particles. The NSAM's principle of operation is based on the unipolar diffusion charging of particles. Results show that the particle surface concentration decreases from ∼150 µm 2 cm −3 next to a freeway to ∼100 µm 2 cm −3 at 100 m downwind of the freeway, and levels decline to 50-70 µm 2 cm −3 at urban background sites. Up to 51% and 30% of the total surface area corresponded to particles <40 nm next to the freeway and at an urban background site, respectively. The NSAM signal was well correlated with a reconstructed surface concentration based on the particle number size distribution measured with collocated Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPSs, TSI, Inc.). In addition, the mean surface diameter calculated by combination of the NSAM and the total particle number concentration measured by a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC, TSI, Inc.) was in reasonable agreement with the arithmetic mean SMPS diameter, especially at the urban site. This study corroborates earlier findings on the application of diffusion chargers for ambient particle monitoring by demonstrating that they can be effectively used to monitor the particle surface concentration, or Received 24 June 2006; accepted 9 February 2007. This research was supported by the Southern California Particle Center (SCPC), funded by EPA under the STAR program through Grant RD-8324-1301-0 to the University of Southern California and was also supported by the NIEHS-NIH grant no. ES-12243 and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) contract no. 03-329. We would also like to thank Dr. Manisha Singh (TSI Inc.) for availing the NSAM monitors and her assistance with the operation of these instruments. The research described herein has not been subjected to the EPA required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use.Address correspondence to Constantinos Sioutas, University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3620 S. Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail: sioutas@usc.edu combined with a CPC to derive the mean surface diameter with high temporal resolution.

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Section: Particle Number and Surface Concentration In Different Locatsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Sampling Sites and Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Ntziachristos

Polidori

Phuleria

et al. 2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The relationship of indoor and outdoor particulate matter was examined in several environments [27][28][29][30][31][32] and the reported results strongly associated the indoor PM concentration with the outdoor one. In respect to particle dynamics and using mass balance models, the authors managed to determine deposition indoors and penetration from outdoors, although the variability of the results indicated the strong dependence on assumptions, different methodologies and building characteristics [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Chatoutsidou

Mašková

Ondráčková

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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Please cite this article as: Chatoutsidou SE, Mašková L, Ondráčková L, Ondráček J, Lazaridis M, Smolík J, Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague, Building and Environment (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A dynamic mass balance model was introduced taking account particle penetration from outdoors and indoor losses (deposition, ventilation). The model was used to determine deposition rate k and penetration efficiency P in 13 discrete size intervals. Model performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) by selecting different pairs of k and P. No unique solution found, thus, averaged values of k and P from the best correlated pairs were used to estimate infiltration factor. Good agreement between infiltration factor and I/O ratio confirmed that modeled k and P were well-estimated. The deposition rate was found to depend strongly on particle size with higher rates for ultrafine and coarse particles. Penetration efficiency, on the other hand, was not clearly related with particle size. The infiltration factor varied substantially with particle size with less effective removal for accumulation fraction (0.1-0.7 µm). Higher infiltration factor for ultrafine particles, compared to coarse particles, indicates that enrichment of the library at this size is caused by penetration from outdoors. On the other hand, human presence during visiting hours found to contribute significantly to coarse particles by increasing the indoor number concentration by a factor of 3, 3.2 and 2 during spring, summer and winter respectively.

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“…This is unlike coarse particles and fine particles (PM 2.5 , or accumulation plus ultrafine), which are naturally divided by a cutpoint of 2.5 µm and have clearly different origins. We estimated outdoor secondary OC (SOC) and primary OC (OC pri ) from total OC as detailed in our recent publica tion (Polidori et al 2007) and summarized in the Supplemental Material (doi:10.1289/ ehp.0800194.S1). OC pri is representative of particles emitted directly from combustion sources (mostly fossil fuels in the LA basin), whereas SOC represents semivolatile and low volatile products of photochemical reactions involving reactive organic gases from anthro pogenic and biogenic sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement methods are more thoroughly described in the Supplemental Material (doi:10.1289/ ehp.0800194.S1). Hourly outdoor home air pollutants were measured over 9 days before each blood draw as described elsewhere (Arhami et al 2006;Polidori et al 2007). These meas urements included pollutant gases [carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides-nitrogen dioxide (NO x -NO 2 ), ozone], total PN (condensa tion particle counter model 3785; TSI Inc, Shoreview, MN), PM 2.5 organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) (OC_EC analyzer model 3F; Sunset Laboratory Inc., Tigard, OR), and black carbon (BC) (aethalometer; Magee Scientific, Berkeley, CA).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution Exposures and Circulating Biomarkers of Effect in a Susceptible Population: Clues to Potential Causal Component mixtures and mechanisms

Delfino¹,

Staimer²,

Tjoa³

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

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Indoor/Outdoor Relationships, Trends, and Carbonaceous Content of Fine Particulate Matter in Retirement Homes of the Los Angeles Basin

Cited by 91 publications

References 51 publications

Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Modeling of the aerosol infiltration characteristics in a cultural heritage building: The Baroque Library Hall in Prague

Air Pollution Exposures and Circulating Biomarkers of Effect in a Susceptible Population: Clues to Potential Causal Component mixtures and mechanisms

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