Indoor Terrestrial Fungi in Household Dust Samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alwakeel, Suaad S.; Nasser, Laila A.

doi:10.3923/mj.2011.17.24

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In Pakistan, the predominant bacterial species from all 30 living rooms were Staphylococcus species (35.4%), and S. aureus was reported 24.6% in Saudi Arabia. 56 This study also showed that different Gram-negative bacteria were found within the indoor environment. Othman 57 reported E. coli and Klebsiella species being the dominant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from Egyptian residences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, which was consistent with the study report from Saudi Arabia. 56 According to guidelines of WHO and the European Union for indoor air quality, 58 our findings showed intermediate to very high biological and chemical indoor air pollution in the study area. Nowadays, community exposure to air pollution is mainly associated with respiratory infections, and this study produce important information to public health program implementers and policymakers for prevention and control measures, and also it provides baseline data for further large-scale community-based studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Indoor bacterial pollution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of bacterial isolates among residences of Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

Belay

Gelaw

Tigabu

et al. 2020

Indoor and Built Environment

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Background In Ethiopia, there is not enough information about indoor air bacterial pollution. Therefore, this study aimed to determine bacterial indoor air pollution and its associated risk factors among residences of Gondar town. Methods A cross-sectional survey of indoor air pollution was conducted on 259 selected houses from February to May 2019. Sociodemographic and housing characteristics were collected using a questionnaire and checklist. Passive settle plate method using blood culture media was employed to collect samples and identification of isolates done by both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results A total of 259 houses were investigated, and 13 different types of bacterial species were isolated. Of these, Bacillus species 259 (100%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species 101 (34.4%), Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella species, Citrobacter diversus, Escherichia coli, and Pantoea species were isolates. Tetracycline and cotrimoxazole were ineffective, but ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were efficient antibiotics. Educational status, presence of domestic animals within the house, and integrated toilets were significantly associated with indoor bacterial pollution ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Indoor air pollution was higher in this study than international quantification limit (5 colony-forming unit/4 h) of clean rooms. So, periodic surveillance of indoor air quality and assessing risk factors should be addressed to assess the burden and intervene accordingly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Indoor bacterial pollution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of bacterial isolates among residences of Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

Belay

Gelaw

Tigabu

et al. 2020

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…Each isolate was prepared in two replicates. Daily observation of the surface radial growth for each isolate was carried out by measuring the distance reached by mycelium on two perpendicular diameters pre-drawn at the base of each plate [ 49 , 50 ]. This was conducted for three consecutive days after inoculation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Tolerance Data and Molecular Identification Are Useful for the Diagnosis, Control and Modeling of Diseases Caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa

et al. 2023

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Several economically important diseases of forest trees and agricultural crops in many parts of the world have been linked to the ascomycete fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis paradoxa. This study compared the growth rate of 41 isolates of T. paradoxa sourced from different hosts and two countries (Nigeria and Papua New Guinea (PNG)) under six temperature levels (22 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C, 34 °C and 35 °C). Phylogenetic relationships were obtained from the analysis of their nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed sequence (ITS) data. While all the isolates from PNG and few from Nigeria grew optimally between 22 °C and 32 °C, the majority had their highest growth rate (2.9 cm/day) between 25 °C and 32 °C. Growth performances were generally low between 34 °C and 35 °C; no isolate from the sugar cane grew at these high temperatures. The oil palm isolate DA029 was the most resilient, with the highest growth rate (0.97 cm/day) at 35 °C. Phylogenetic analysis delineated five clusters: a very large clade which accommodates the majority (30 Nigerian and 3 PNG oil palm isolates) and four small clades containing two members each. To a large extent, the clustering pattern failed to address the temperature–isolate relationship observed. However, only the four small clades represent isolates with similar temperature tolerances. It is most likely that wider and robust analyses with more diverse isolates and genetic markers will provide better insight on thermal resilience of T. paradoxa. Additionally, future research to establish relationships between vegetative growth at different temperatures and of different pathogenicity and disease epidemiology merits being explored. The results might provide useful information for the formulation of effective management and control strategies against the pathogen, especially in this era of climate change.

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“…In the Middle East, documentation is poor in all countries other than Iran and KSA (Goronfolah, 2016). The airborne fungi identified as the most common allergen in Iran (Soleimani, et al 2013) and Saudi Arabia (Hasnain, et al 2004;Alwakeel & Nasser, 2011). However, some studies conducted in Saudi Arabia showed a high prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens are outdoor studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of indoor allergenic fungal spores in saudi arabia

Sm¹,

A²,

Alsini³

et al. 2017

Int J Recent Sci Res

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The fungal flora contains diverse organisms including a large number of fungi, molds, mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, and smuts etc. Airborne fungi are important source of indoor allergens and studies confirm their role in the development of allergic diseases. In order to identify indoor fungal allergens, 539 house dust samples were collected from different regions in Saudi Arabia. Samples were analyzed by culture employing Sabouraud Dextrose and Potato Dextrose Agar. The cultivated plates were incubated at 25°C up to 5 days. Colony forming units (CFU) were enumerated and identified.Various fungal species were identified from the samples. The majority of fungi identified belonged to the allergenic genera. Aspergill us niger constituted 38.5%, A. fumigat us 15.5%, Rhizopus spp 14.5%, Penicillium spp 8%, Aspergill us spp 7.1%, Alternaria spp 4.4%, Yeast 4%, Mucor 3%, Cladosporium spp 2%, Fusarium spp. 1%, and other minor type include A. flavus 2%. The noncoastal cities (n=455) showed a higher percentages than coastal cities (n=84) because of difference in sample collection.Public places, primarily mosque, was included in the study. Out of 104 samples, Aspergill us niger constituted 39%, Rhizopusspp 14%, Aspergill us fumigat us 12%, Alternaria spp 10%, Fusarium sp. 8%, Penicillium spp 6%, As pergill us spp 6%, Ulocladium, Bipolaris and Yeast 2%, Mucor, Cladosporium spp and Drecslera spp. 1%.Exposure to certain fungal species cause sensitization and allergic reactions and may increase severity of asthma symptoms. Therefore, proper avoidance strategy need to be adopted with a regular cleaning of storage area and humidity control measures, if possible.

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Indoor Terrestrial Fungi in Household Dust Samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Indoor bacterial pollution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of bacterial isolates among residences of Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

Indoor bacterial pollution, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of bacterial isolates among residences of Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia

Thermal Tolerance Data and Molecular Identification Are Useful for the Diagnosis, Control and Modeling of Diseases Caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa

Impact of indoor allergenic fungal spores in saudi arabia

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