Indoor-to-outdoor pollutant concentration ratio modeling of CO2, NO2, and lung-deposited nanoparticles

Lee, Jae Young; Ryu, Sung Hee; Kim, Chang Hyeok

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2016.02.007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In case of air pollution, previous studies addressed that indoor environment such as PM 10 and NO 2 in Seoul are very dependent on outdoor condition [47]. For example, indoor to outdoor ratios for PM 10 and NO 2 were 0.69 and 1.05, respectively [47–48]. This indicates that even if we considered indoor levels for PM 10 and NO 2 , the effect of these factors would be similar as shown in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of weather and air pollution on atopic dermatitis symptoms in children: A panel study in Korea

Kim

Han

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionThe effects of weather and air pollution on the severity and persistence of atopic dermatitis (AD) are important issues that have not been investigated in detail. The objective of our study was to determine the short-term effects of meteorological variables and air pollution on AD symptoms in children.MethodsWe enrolled 177 AD patients with 5 years or younger from the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea, and followed for 17 months between August 2013 and December 2014. Symptoms records of 35,158 person-days, including itching, sleep disturbance, erythema, dry skin, oozing, and edema, were obtained. We estimated the effect of meteorological variables including daily mean temperature, relative humidity (RH), diurnal temperature range (DTR), rainfall and air pollutants including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and tropospheric ozone (O3) on AD symptoms using a generalized linear mixed model with adjustment for related confounding factors.ResultsA 5°C increase in outdoor temperature and a 5% increase in outdoor RH was associated with 12.8% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 10.5, 15.2) and 3.3% (95% CI: 1.7, 4.7) decrease in AD symptoms, respectively, on the same day. An increase of rainfall by 5 mm increased AD symptoms by 7.3% (95% CI: 3.6, 11.1) for the days with <40 mm rainfall. The risk of AD symptoms increased by 284.9% (95% CI: 67.6, 784.2) according to a 5°C increase in DTR when it was >14°C. An increase in PM10, NO2, and O3 by 10 units increased the risk of AD symptoms on the same day by 3.2% (95% CI: 1.5, 4.9), 5.0% (95% CI: 1.4, 8.8), and 6.1% (95% CI: 3.2, 9.0), respectively.ConclusionExposure to meteorological variables and air pollutants are associated with AD symptoms in young children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of weather and air pollution on atopic dermatitis symptoms in children: A panel study in Korea

Kim

Han

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…First, we did not consider the indoor NO 2 level, despite the fact that children spend most of their time indoors. However, traffic emissions are the major source of NO 2 in Seoul, and indoor NO 2 level is very dependent on outdoor conditions [39]. Therefore, presumably, it had no significant impact on the results, although our study did not evaluate the exposure to indoor NO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Harmful Effects of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide on Atopic Dermatitis: Comparison of Exposure Assessment Based on Monitored Concentrations and Modeled Estimates

Kim

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Precise exposure assessment of air pollutants is crucial in epidemiologic studies to ensure valid estimates of health effects. We conducted a longitudinal study to evaluate the role of air quality monitoring (AQM) measurements and high-resolution modeling outcomes focusing on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and atopic dermatitis (AD). A total of 128 young children with AD in Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea, were recruited as a panel. We estimated the participants’ exposure to NO2 for four months, from 1 April through 31 July 2014 based on (1) monitored levels from 60 AQM stations located at varying distances from residential areas (AQM station-based NO2, AQM-NO2) and (2) estimates from a community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system with a high-resolution (1 × 1 km) (CMAQ-NO2). We then compared the effect of AQM-NO2 on AD symptoms with that of CMAQ-NO2. The average distance between the participants’ residences and the nearest AQM station was 2.03 ± 1.06 km, ranging from 0.28 km to 5.73 km. Based on AQM-NO2, the AD symptoms increased by 10.28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.24, 17.79) with an increase of 10 ppb of NO2. The effect estimates of CMAQ-NO2 were similar to those of AQM-NO2 when assessed in patients living within 3 km from the nearest AQM station. Even within 1 km, the CI estimate obtained from the CMAQ was much narrower than from AQM (44.18–49.54 vs. 7.02–64.75). However, the association of AQM-NO2 with AD symptoms of patients living beyond 3 km was not positive, whereas that of CMAQ-NO2 maintained positive. In conclusion, exposure to ambient NO2 is significantly associated with aggravation of AD symptoms in young children. In addition, our study suggests that exposure assessment of NO2 using measurement data obtained from monitoring stations far from residential locations can lead to misclassification bias.

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“…Indoor concentrations were the largest contributor to overall individual exposure, particularly in the city with the highest outdoor concentrations, and thus focus on improved estimation of ambient-source indoor exposures is warranted. Studies in a variety of U.S. cities have examined the effect of various housing characteristics on AERs 29 , 30 , 37 , 38 and I/O ratios of NO 2 , 39 and report AERs ranging from 0.36 h −1 in North Carolina during the summer 29 to 1.92 h −1 in Michigan during the summer. 30 In a sensitivity analysis, variation in AER altered the proportion of overall exposure due to the indoor microenvironment, though even with the lowest AER the mean contribution of the indoor microenvironment remained greater than 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the in-vehicle microenvironment to individual ambient-source nitrogen dioxide exposure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution

Hazlehurst

Spalt

Nicholas

et al. 2018

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Exposure estimates that do not account for time in-transit may underestimate exposure to traffic-related air pollution, but exact contributions have not been studied directly. We conducted two-week monitoring, including novel in-vehicle sampling, in a subset of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution cohort in two cities. Participants spent the majority of their time indoors and only 4.4% of their time (63 min/day) in-vehicle, on average. The mean ambient-source NO2 concentration was 5.1 ppb indoors and 32.3 ppb in-vehicle during drives. On average, indoor exposure contributed 69% and in-vehicle exposure contributed 24% of participants’ ambient-source NO2 exposure. For participants in the highest quartile of time in-vehicle (≥1.3 hrs/day), indoor and in-vehicle contributions were 60% and 31%, respectively. Incorporating infiltrated indoor and measured in-vehicle NO2 produced exposure estimates 5.6 ppb lower, on average, than using only outdoor concentrations. The indoor microenvironment accounted for the largest proportion of ambient-source exposure in this older population, despite higher concentrations of NO2 outdoors and in vehicles than indoors. In-vehicle exposure was more influential among participants who drove most and for participants residing in areas with lower outdoor air pollution. Failure to characterize exposures in these microenvironments may contribute to exposure misclassification in epidemiologic studies.

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Indoor-to-outdoor pollutant concentration ratio modeling of CO2, NO2, and lung-deposited nanoparticles

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Short-term effects of weather and air pollution on atopic dermatitis symptoms in children: A panel study in Korea

Short-term effects of weather and air pollution on atopic dermatitis symptoms in children: A panel study in Korea

Harmful Effects of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide on Atopic Dermatitis: Comparison of Exposure Assessment Based on Monitored Concentrations and Modeled Estimates

Contribution of the in-vehicle microenvironment to individual ambient-source nitrogen dioxide exposure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution

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