Indoor Vehicles Geolocalization Using LoRaWAN

Abstract

One of the main drawbacks of Global Navigation Satellite Sytems (GNSS) is that they do not work indoors. When inside, there is often no direct line from the satellite signals to the device and the ultra high frequency (UHF) used is blocked by thick, solid materials such as brick, metal, stone or wood. In this paper, we describe a solution based on the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology to geolocalise vehicles indoors. Through estimation of the behaviour of a LoRaWAN channel and using trilateration, the localisation of a vehicle can be obtained within a 20–30 m range. Indoor geolocation for Intelligent Transporation Systems (ITS) can be used to locate vehicles of any type in underground parkings, keep a platoon of trucks in formation or create geo-fences, that is, sending an alert if an object moves outside a defined area, like a bicycle being stolen. Routing of heavy vehicles within an industrial setting is another possibility.

Feasibility of LoRa for Smart Home Indoor Localization

“…The capability to penetrate objects causing NLOS combined with the long-range reading makes LoRa a viable sensing technology for robust localization in large indoor spaces with various NLOS situations using a small number of static anchors. More specifically, a study on vehicle tracking in a large indoor parking garage (180 m × 80 m) shows promising localization results with only three anchors [68]. Since buildings commonly have various objects blocking the signals, using other sensing technologies that do not penetrate objects well would require several anchors installed to make sure a certain number of anchors are seen from all the localizations in the building.…”

Técnicas de Geolocalização em Redes LoRaWAN como Abordagem de Tolerância a Falhas para Dispositivos IoT Baseados em GPS

“…Percebe-se que no ponto de intersecc ¸ão entre elas tem-se o emissor. A distância entre o transmissor e o receptor pode ser calculada através da Equac ¸ão 1, que é derivada de um modelo empírico [Manzoni et al 2019]. Onde d é a distância entre receptor e emissor, RSSI é o indicador de potência do sinal, e n é um valor experimental, normalmente entre 2 e 6, que representa o fator de perda de sinal.…”

“…Já Manzoni et. al, [Manzoni et al 2019] realiza a geolocalizac ¸ão de veículos em um ambiente interno usando uma rede LoRa. Com uma arquitetura formada por 3 gateways a localizac ¸ão dos veículos é estimada pela potência de sinal recebido, RSSI.…”

“…Diversas aplicac ¸ões IoT contam com o uso de um sistema de posicionamento global, Global Positioning System (GPS), para rastrear um veículo em movimento dentro de uma cidade e armazenar o histórico do seu percurso, por exemplo. O GPS oferece localizac ¸ão precisa em tempo real, porém consome muita energia, uma vez que o processamento da informac ¸ão ocorre no dispositivo [Manzoni et al 2019]. Além disso a falha de um GPS resulta na inoperabilidade da aplicac ¸ão.…”

Performance enhancement of software defined cellular LTE and internet-of-things networks

“…Therefore, due to these limitations, we found that these schemes are not suitable for a livestock tracking/monitoring application which is the focus of this work. Another proposal using LoRaWAN [153] comprises a combination of trilateration and the estimation of the LoRa channel for indoor localisation. Their approach requires that the device must be in the coverage of at-least three gateways but it also results in reasonably high error rates.…”