Indoor wideband directional millimeter wave channel measurements and analysis at 26 GHz, 32 GHz, and 39 GHz

Abstract

This paper presents details of the wideband directional propagation measurements of millimeter‐wave (mmWave) channels in the 26 GHz, 32 GHz, and 39 GHz frequency bands in an indoor typical office environment. More than 14 400 power delay profiles (PDPs) were measured across the 26 GHz band and over 9000 power delay profiles have been recorded for the 32 GHz and 39 GHz bands at each measurement point. A mmWave wideband channel sounder has been used, where signal analyzer and vector signal generator were employed. Measurements have been conducted for both co and cross‐antenna polarization. The setup provided 2 GHz bandwidth and the mechanically steerable directional horn antenna with 8 degrees beamwidth provides 8 degrees of directional resolution over the azimuth for 32 GHz and 39 GHz, whereas 26 GHz measurement setup provides the angular resolution of 5 degrees. Measurements provide path loss, delay, and spatial spread of the channel. Large‐scale fading characteristics, RMS delay spread, RMS angular spread, and angular and delay dispersion are presented for 3 mmWave bands for the line‐of‐sight scenario.

Performance of maximum ratio combining of fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) mmWave channels for 5G and beyond communications

“…These observations are justified by noting the fact that increasing K results in assigning less power to the fading component of the FTR channel model and more power to its line-of-sight component. Moreover, increasing m reduces fading and channel variations according to the Gamma PDF given in (4). On the other hand, higher Δ results from more similarity between average powers of specular components, which means that less diversity in the FTR fading channel model, and therefore, higher average BER.…”

“…To plot the curves, we set The average BER for a number of fading channel models that are special cases of the FTR model are shown in Figure 10. m is the Gamma distribution parameter in (4). To obtain different channel models, the FTR channel parameters are set as follows: In case of m → ∞ and for arbitrary values of K and Δ, the fading model reduces to TWDP channel model.…”

“…3 To better understand technology bottlenecks at high frequencies, one must have an accurate and pertinent fading channel model that closely tracks the channel behavior at those frequencies. Accordingly, numerous channel measurements and modeling campaigns have recently been working on outdoor mmWave band propagation, including other works [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and references therein. The resulting channel measurements have shown significant channel behavior differences between mmWave band and below 6 GHz frequency bands.…”

Millimeter‐wave propagation modeling and characterization at 32 GHz in indoor office for 5G networks

“…The RMS DS parameter is used to describe the delay dispersion in a communication channel. Therefore, it is an important channel parameter and it is defined as second moment or variance of the power delay profile 27 :…”

“…25 According to the knowledge we acquired, there are some channel modeling and measurement studies available in the 24.25 to 27.5 GHz frequency band until now, but the studies in 31.8 to 33.4 GHz frequency band are seen infrequently. [26][27][28][29] MmWave channel measurements are performed using a network analyzer or a channel sounder and in measurements, at least one horn antenna should be utilized to increase the measurement distance on the transmitter side or on the receiver side. In a useful measurement, an omnidirectional antenna is mostly used on the transmitter side, since it is quite hard to align the two horn antennas and on the receiver side the horn antenna is used for to carried out directional-scan-sounding.…”