Induced Magnetospheres

Brain, D. A.

doi:10.1002/9781119815624.ch28

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…On the other hand, existence of strong localized crustal magnetic fields (Acuna et al, 1999;Connerney et al, 2005) adds features typical for planets with a global intrinsic magnetic field. As a result, the Martian magnetosphere contains elements of induced and intrinsic origin (see e.g., Brain, 2021;E. Dubinin et al, 2011E.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, existence of strong localized crustal magnetic fields (Acuna et al., 1999; Connerney et al., 2005) adds features typical for planets with a global intrinsic magnetic field. As a result, the Martian magnetosphere contains elements of induced and intrinsic origin (see e.g., Brain, 2021; E. Dubinin et al., 2011, 2020; Halekas et al., 2021; Nagy et al., 2004). There are many planets, satellites and comets possessing induced magnetospheres—Venus (Luhmann, 1995; Russell and Vaisberg, 1983), Titan (Bertucci et al., 2008; Ness et al., 1982), Pluto (McComas et al., 2016), comets (Gombosi, 2015; Nilsson et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mini Induced Magnetospheres at Mars

Dubinin

Fränz

Pätzold

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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We report on observations made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft at Mars, in the region of the ion plume. We observe that in some cases, when the number density of oxygen ions is comparable to the density of the solar wind protons interaction between both plasmas leads to formation in the magnetosheath of mini induced magnetospheres possessing all typical features of induced magnetospheres typically observed at Mars or Venus: a pileup of the magnetic field at the head of the ion cloud, magnetospheric cavity, partially void of solar wind protons, draping of the interplanetary magnetic field around the mini obstacle, formation of a magnetic tail with a current sheet, in which protons are accelerated by the magnetic field tensions. These new observations may shed a light on the mechanism of formation of induced magnetospheres. Plain Language SummaryThere is a class of the induced planetary magnetospheres when the absence of intrinsic magnetic field allows a direct interaction of solar wind with planetary atmospheres/ ionospheres. We have shown the existence of mini-induced magnetospheres at Mars. When the density of the extracted from the ionosphere oxygen ions becomes comparable with the proton density in solar wind mini-induced magnetospheres with all typical features of the planetary induced magnetospheres arise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mini Induced Magnetospheres at Mars

Dubinin

Fränz

Pätzold

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…In the solar system, the solar wind conditions differ little from planet to planet. The atmospheric escape rates of Venus, Mars, and Earth are similar, although their atmospheric compositions, atmospheric densities, magnetic field strengths, and semimajor axes are quite different from each other (Dong et al 2017;Brain 2021). Therefore, we can reasonably deduce that the ion escape rates may be more sensitive to the stellar wind environments than to the properties of the planets.…”

Section: Data Setmentioning

confidence: 87%

Quantifying the Key Factors Affecting the Escape of Planetary Atmospheres

Guanghui

2023

ApJ

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The habitability of Earth-like planets is an increasingly important subject in astrophysics and in planetary sciences. Atmospheric escape plays a vital role in the evolution of the habitability of Earth-like planets. By systematically analyzing the numerical simulation results of the interactions between the planetary atmospheres and the stellar winds, in this work, we evaluate various factors related to the atmospheric nonthermal ion escape rates, including planetary parameters (e.g., mass, density, radius, semimajor axis, etc.) and stellar wind parameters (e.g., density, velocity, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength). Furthermore, we determine and quantify the key factors affecting the planetary atmospheric nonthermal ion escape rates. Our results show that the correlation coefficients between planetary atmospheric nonthermal ion escape rates and stellar wind density, IMF strength, and the ratio of the planetary radius to the planetary semimajor axis are 0.98 (0.88), 0.95 (0.81), and 0.87 (0.59), respectively, in the scenario of maximum (minimum) dynamic wind pressure. This means that the planetary atmospheric nonthermal ion escape rates increase with the increasing stellar wind density, the increasing IMF strength, and the increasing ratio of the planetary radius to the planetary semimajor axis. Generally, the nonthermal ion escape rates of planetary atmospheres are more sensitive to stellar wind parameters than to others. In addition, we determine the functional relations of the above three significant parameters for evaluating and quantifying the effects of such key physical factors on the nonthermal ion escape rates of the planetary atmospheres. Our findings will be very useful for better understanding the key factors that influence the escapes of planetary atmospheres.

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“…Planetary habitability is not expected to be viable around a magnetically active star without the protection of a substantial planetary magnetic field (Airapetian et al 2020;Garcia-Sage et al 2023), although the presence of a planetary magnetic field may under high stellar activity contribute to enhanced atmospheric loss, thereby actually compromising potential habitability (see Brain 2021). Understanding the possible habitability of such planets, therefore, requires a deeper knowledge of how the stars and planets interact and, in particular, what role magnetic fields play in this interaction.…”

Section: Stellar Magnetic Activity and The Alfvén Surface Habitabilit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Garraffo et al (2016) showed that, for Proxima Centauri b, the stellar wind may be intense enough to generate strong, sudden, and periodic changes to the magnetospheric stand-off distance, dramatically affecting atmospheric mass loss. Also, Brain (2021) has shown that the presence of an induced magnetosphere, resulting from interactions between the star and planet, may drive enhanced atmospheric loss through processes such as ion, thermal, and photochemical escape as well as sputtering.…”

Section: Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effects of Stellar Magnetism on the Potential Habitability of Exoplanets

Atkinson,

Alexander,

Farrish

2024

ApJ

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Considerable interest has centered on Earth-like planets orbiting in the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ) of its star. However, the potential habitability of an exoplanet depends upon a number of additional factors, including the presence and strength of any planetary magnetic field and the interaction of this field with that of the host star. Not only must the exoplanet have a strong enough magnetic field to shield against stellar activity, but it must also orbit far enough from the star to avoid direct magnetic connectivity. We characterize stellar activity by the star’s Rossby number, Ro, the ratio of stellar rotation rate to convective turnover time. We employ a scaled model of the solar magnetic field to determine the star’s Alfvén radius, the distance at which the stellar wind becomes super-Alfvénic. Planets residing within the Alfvén surface may have a direct magnetic connection to the star and therefore not be the most viable candidates for habitability. Here, we determine the Rossby number of a sample of 1053 exoplanet-hosting stars for which the rotation rates have been observed and for which a convective turnover time can be calculated. We find that 84 exoplanets in our sample have orbits which lie inside the CHZ and that also lie outside the star’s Alfvén surface: 34 of these have been classified as terran (11) or superterran (23) planets. Applying the Alfvén surface habitability criterion yields a subset of the confirmed exoplanets that may be optimal targets for future observations in the search for signatures of life.

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Induced Magnetospheres

Cited by 5 publications

References 70 publications

The Mini Induced Magnetospheres at Mars

The Mini Induced Magnetospheres at Mars

Quantifying the Key Factors Affecting the Escape of Planetary Atmospheres

Exploring the Effects of Stellar Magnetism on the Potential Habitability of Exoplanets

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