Induced resistance by Myzus persicae in the peach cultivar ‘Rubira’

Abstract

The effect of a previous infestation by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on the settling behaviour and reproduction of the same aphid species was investigated in the resistant peach cultivar Rubira, and compared with that observed in the susceptible control cultivar GF305. A previous infestation of 48 h triggered induced resistance in Rubira. There were significantly fewer aphids settling on preinfested than on uninfested plants, indicating an increased rejection of Rubira as a host plant. The level of induced resistance in preinfested plants was positively related to the duration of the first infestation. In GF305, previous infestation had no detrimental effect on aphid settlement and even slightly enhanced larviposition by adult females. The aphid probing behaviour after a 48‐h preinfestation was also monitored for 8 h with the electrical peneration graph (EPG) technique. On preinfested GF305, most EPG parameters indicated an enhanced host plant acceptance. On preinfested GF305, aphids produced less sieve element salivation and more continuous sap ingestion than on uninfested GF305, indicating that the previous aphids provoked changes in plant properties beneficial to the test aphids. In Rubira, a major induced factor of resistance was thought to be expressed in the sieve element as phloem sap ingestion was 4‐fold shorter on preinfested than on uninfested plants. The time taken by the aphid stylets to reach a sieve element was also significantly increased on preinfested Rubira, suggesting the induction of resistance factors outside the phloem. The originality of the Rubira/M. persicae interaction is discussed in the perspective of a better understanding of plant induced responses to aphids.

Local and systemic responses induced by aphids in Solanum tuberosum plants

“…Moreover, on leaves previously infested by heterospecific aphids, the number of probes and total duration of the pathway increased significantly. These are typical features of the behaviour of aphids feeding on resistant plants, as reported in EPG studies on aphid/plant systems (Campbell et al, 1982;van Helden & Tjallingii, 1993;Cole, 1994;Caillaud et al, 1995;Klingler et al, 1998;Ramirez & Niemeyer, 1999;Sauge et al, 2002). The modifications observed in the feeding behaviour of M. persicae tested on healthy leaves of previously infested potato plants led us to hypothesize that a mechanism of systemic resistance is induced by M. persicae and Ma.…”

“…In Arabidopsis , Moran & Thompson (2001) demonstrated that infestations by M. persicae induced the transcription of PR and β -1,3-glucanase (BGL2) genes, both associated with salicylic acid-dependent responses to pathogens. Such induced resistance to aphids has already been shown by EPG data in the peach cultivar 'Rubira' infested by M. persicae (Sauge et al, 2002) and in one genotype of Medicago truncatula infested by Acyrthosiphon kondoi (Klingler et al, 2005).…”

“…Accordingly, the prompt first sustained phloem ingestion observed on HL leaves also indicates an enhanced leaf acceptance. Although beneficial effects of previous infestation by aphids on local sites have already been reported (Way & Banks, 1967;Way & Cammell, 1970;Prado & Tjallingii, 1997;Sandström et al, 2000;Gonzáles et al, 2002;Sauge et al, 2002), we report for the first time beneficial effects of a heterospecific previous infestation. It is noteworthy that aphids are able to increase local concentrations of carbohydrates (Girousse et al, 2003) and amino acids (Sandström et al, 2000) in the sieve tubes.…”

Aphid Resistance inMedicago truncatulaInvolves Antixenosis and Phloem-Specific, Inducible Antibiosis, and Maps to a Single Locus Flanked by NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Analogs

“…However, phloem-specific resistance similar to that of AKR has been reported for several aphid-plant interactions, some of which are mediated by a single dominant gene (van Helden and Tjallingii, 1993;Chen et al, 1997;Klingler et al, 1998;Kaloshian et al, 2000). Sauge et al (2002) tested the effect of prior infestation on feeding behavior of Myzus persicae on a resistant genotype of peach (Prunus persicae), in which resistance is also conditioned by a single, dominant gene . As in our study, they observed a significant reduction in phloem sap ingestion on the preinfested, resistant cultivar.…”

The effect of co-infestation by conspecific and heterospecific aphids on the feeding behaviour of Nasonovia ribisnigri on resistant and susceptible lettuce cultivars

“…Outliers are plotted as asterisks and circles essential and other amino acids; however, this effect was shown to be species-specific; feeding by S. graminum and Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko increased the nutritional quality of the phloem sap, whereas feeding by R. padi did not. Enhanced susceptibility was also found for a susceptible tomato cultivar after pre-infestation of M. persicae (Civolani et al 2010) and susceptible potato and peach varieties after conspecific pre-infestation of M. persicae or of M. euphorbiae (Dugravot et al 2007;Sauge et al 2002). However, on potato plants, these effects were only observed on previously infested leaves; systemic leaves showed a decrease in susceptibility, suggesting a systemicinduced resistance triggered by pre-infestation (Dugravot et al 2007).…”