Induced sputum metabolomic profiles and oxidative stress are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity: potential use for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and metabolomics plays a hub role in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) related to COPD. This study thus aimed to reveal the role of induced sputum metabolomics in predicting COPD severity. In this pilot study, a total of 20 COPD patients were included. The induced sputum metabolites were assayed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. Five oxidative stress products (myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), neutrophil elastase (NE), and 8-iso-PGF2α) in induced sputum were measured by ELISA, and the metabolomic profiles were distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used for pathway enrichment analysis, and a significant difference in induced sputum metabolomics was observed between moderate and severe COPD. The KEGG analysis revealed that the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was downregulated in severe COPD. Due to the critical role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in oxidative stress, significant negative correlations were discovered between glycerophospholipid metabolites and three oxidative stress products (SOD, MPO, and 8-iso-PGF2α). The diagnostic values of SOD, MPO, and 8-iso-PGF2α in induced sputum were found to exhibit high sensitivities and specificities in the prediction of COPD severity. Collectively, this study provides the first identification of the association between induced sputum metabolomic profiles and COPD severity, indicating the potential value of metabolomics in PPPM for COPD management. The study also reveals the correlation between glycerophospholipid metabolites and oxidative stress products and their value for predicting COPD severity.

Application across species of a one health approach to liquid sample handling for respiratory based -omics analysis

“…Similar approaches have already been applied to a comparable sample set in humans 15 , 16 ; namely, induced sputum. Induced sputum in humans provides a non-invasive method to sample airway biofluids that are enriched in proteins and may reveal novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 16 , 17 .…”

“…Similar approaches have already been applied to a comparable sample set in humans 15 , 16 ; namely, induced sputum. Induced sputum in humans provides a non-invasive method to sample airway biofluids that are enriched in proteins and may reveal novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 16 , 17 . For equine derived samples, the proteomic approach is novel and follows a recent upsurge of interest in proteomic analysis of human airway secretions as a highly informative non-invasive method of assessing the mechanisms associated with lung disease 15 .…”

Hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale were the independent risk factors for a prolonged length of hospital stay in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study

“…COPD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [24,27]. According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), the prevalence of COPD was 11.7% (95% CI 8.4% to 15.0%), indicating globally about 384 million people suffering from COPD [28].…”

A One Health Approach to Simple Liquid Sample Handling for Respiratory Based -Omics Analysis; Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

“…This would be advantageous as equine tracheal secretions represent a rich source of: (i) cells, (ii) host-derived microbiome, (iii) transcriptome and (iv) local environment-derived proteins; and (v) are relatively simple to collect with minimal discomfort to the horse. Similar approaches have already been applied to a comparable sample set in humans 15,16 ; namely, induced sputum. Induced sputum in humans provides a non-invasive method to sample airway bio uids that are enriched in proteins and may reveal novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 16,17 .For equine derived samples, the proteomic approach is novel and follows a recent upsurge of interest in proteomic analysis of human airway secretions as a highly informative non-invasive method of assessing the mechanisms associated with lung disease 15 .…”

“…Similar approaches have already been applied to a comparable sample set in humans 15,16 ; namely, induced sputum. Induced sputum in humans provides a non-invasive method to sample airway bio uids that are enriched in proteins and may reveal novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 16,17 .For equine derived samples, the proteomic approach is novel and follows a recent upsurge of interest in proteomic analysis of human airway secretions as a highly informative non-invasive method of assessing the mechanisms associated with lung disease 15 . Application of both a transcriptomic and proteomic approach to equine TW samples has the potential to reveal novel biomarkers of early disease development or disease associated tissue remodelling.…”