Induced Temporal and Spatial Variation in Host Defence Enzymes in Response to Fusarium Wilt in Chickpea

Abstract

The present study evaluated the defense response of Chickpea wilt resistant and susceptible cultivars inoculated with pathogen Fusarium oxyporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc). Evaluation of pre-induced and pathogen-induced defense at 7 (S1), 15 (S2) and 30 (S3) days showed that the enzymatic activities differed not only within the root, stem and leaves but also between susceptible and resistant cultivars of chickpea and increased after inoculation with Foc. Peroxidase (PO) activity increased in all the tissues from S1 to S2 and declined thereafter. Conspicuous changes occurred at the rate of increase in activity of the enzyme between resistant and susceptible cultivars upon Foc inoculation over their corresponding control at the S2. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in resistant cultivars increased by 30% with over uninoculated control and induction was up to S3. The level of enzyme activity diminished from S2 to S3 and even fell below control levels in susceptible cultivars. Catalase (CAT) activity followed peroxidase trend however it was induced at S1 in Foc inoculated and at S2 in un-inoculated plants. Increase in CAT induction was significant in leaf tissues of infected plants and continued up to S3. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity increased from S1 to S2 and thereafter it either slightly decreased or remained unchanged at S3. Foc inoculation elicited a sharp increase in PAL activity in the leaf and stem tissue of resistant cultivars. Foc inoculated induced β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity in the test cultivars. Maximum induction of chitinase was observed at S2 in roots of resistant cultivars whereas un-inoculated plants showed much less conspicuous changes. β-1,3-glucanase activity was high in stem tissues. Both control and challenged plants had higher levels of β-1,3-glucanase activity at S2 and S3, but the proportionate increase was much higher in resistant cultivars. The expression pattern of these defense enzymes reveals their use as established resistance markers and provides scope for manipulating their expression and development of wilt-resistant transgenic chickpea.

A biophysical and structural study of two chitinases from Agave tequilana and their potential role as defense proteins

“…These inhibitory concentration values are similar to those reported for barley class I chitinase of 80 and 200 μg . Recently, the variation in the temporal and spatial induction of chitinases in response to infection was demonstrated in chickpea . Therefore, in the late stages of the infection, chitinases that maintain their expression may have additional physiological functions in the plant, not directly related to defense.…”

“…B). These results suggest that during infection more isoforms could be expressed in the plant and that the chitinase genes respond differently to biotic stresses . Both chitinases belong to the class I/GH19 family and exhibit only six different residues in their sequences (Fig.…”

Physiological and Biochemical Response to Fusarium culmorum Infection in Three Durum Wheat Genotypes at Seedling and Full Anthesis Stage

“…Lignin fortifies cell walls making them difficult for fungal hyphae to colonizing the host plant [ 61 , 62 ]. Datta and Lal [ 63 ] and Noman et al [ 64 ] reported this phenomenon as a hypersensitivity reaction initiated as a plant defense mechanism to developing an infection. In our experiment, a decrease in leaf TPC was associated with higher content of cell-wall-bound phenolic compounds (CWP) only in BC 5 Nax 2 .…”

Race identification and differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri causing chickpea wilt

“…The most accurate approach for identifying an isolate or race is through molecular techniques like DNA fingerprinting. It will help in the pyramiding of resistance genes for the formation of strains resistant to different races of disease if the race-specific donors are identified and categorised (Datta and Lal, 2013) [6] . Due to the growing significance of the chickpea Fusarium wilt disease and the use of DNA markers for pathogen identification, the current study aims to distinguish between the four F. oxysporum f. sp.…”